Amine prodrugs of pharmaceutical compounds
Disclose are amine prodrugs and methods of synthesis thereof. In particular, the amine prodrug comprises a drug molecule and at least one or more prodrug appendage moieties and the method for synthesis the amine prodrug comprises a step of coupling the drug molecule and at least one or more prodrug appendage moieties. Also disclosed are exemplary riluzole prodrugs and methods of synthesis thereof.
1. A prodrug consisting of a drug molecule and at least one or more prodrug appendage moieties, the prodrug is formed as:
wherein the drug molecule is riluzole, and
wherein R is a prodrug appendage moiety, wherein the prodrug appendage moiety is coupled to amine of the drug molecule and is independently selected from the group of consisting of:
where R 1 is H or alkyl;
R 2 is alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, or halo alkyl, which is substituted or unsubstituted,
R 3 is H, metal, R 2 or a substituted or unsubstituted primary, secondary or tertiary amine;
R 4 is H, metal, ammonium salt or alkyl;
R 5 is a substituted or unsubstituted natural amino acid;
R a or R b is H, alkyl or aryl; or NR a or NR b is an amino acid;
X is CH 2 or O;
k is 1 or 2, m is 2-22, or (CH k ) m is saturated, unsaturated or conjugated hydrocarbon;
n is 0-2;
the metal is Na, K, Li, Ca, Mg, Ag or Zn, and
wherein i is 1 or 2 and j is 0 or 1,
wherein “substituted” refers to one or more substituents, which are the same or different, each replacing a hydrogen atom, wherein the one or more substituents are selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, I, hydroxyl, amino, alkylamino, arylamino, dialkylamino, diarylamino, cyano, nitro, mercapto, oxo, thio, imino, formyl, carbamido, carbamyl, carboxyl, thioureido, thiocyanato, sulfoamido, sulfonylalkyl, sulfonylaryl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, mercaptoalkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, and cyclyl, wherein alkyl, alkenyl, alkyloxy, aryl, heteroaryl, and cyclyl are optionally substituted with alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, halogen, hydroxyl, amino, mercapto, cyano, nitro, oxo, thioxo, or imino.
2. The prodrug of claim 1 , wherein i is 1 and j is 1.
3. The prodrug of claim 1 , wherein i is 2 and j is 0.
4. A prodrug of riluzole having a structure selected from:
where R 1 is H or alkyl;
R 2 is alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, or halo alkyl, which is substituted or unsubstituted;
R 3 is H, metal, R 2 or a substituted or unsubstituted primary, secondary or tertiary amine;
R 4 is H, metal, ammonium salt or alkyl;
R 5 is a substituted or unsubstituted natural amino acid;
R 6 is alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, or halo alkyl;
R′ and R″ are cyclic or acyclic alkyl;
k is 1 or 2, m is 2-22, or (CH k ) m is saturated, unsaturated or conjugated hydrocarbon;
N′ is a primary, secondary and tertiary amine which is substituted or unsubstituted, or metal salts;
Y is PO 3 H, CH 2 PO 3 H or salt thereof; and
the metal is Na, K, Li, Ca, Mg, Ag or Zn,
wherein “substituted” refers to one or more substituents, which are the same or different, each replacing a hydrogen atom, wherein the one or more substituents are selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, I, hydroxyl, amino, alkylamino, arylamino, dialkylamino, diarylamino, cyano, nitro, mercapto, oxo, thio, imino, formyl, carbamido, carbamyl, carboxyl, thioureido, thiocyanato, sulfoamido, sulfonylalkyl, sulfonylaryl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, mercaptoalkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, and cyclyl, wherein alkyl, alkenyl, alkyloxy, aryl, heteroaryl, and cyclyl are optionally substituted with alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, halogen, hydroxyl, amino, mercapto, cyano, nitro, oxo, thioxo, or imino.