Methods for determining resistance or susceptibility to HIV entry inhibitors
The invention provides a method for treating a patient having human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection by determining whether the human immunodeficiency virus is likely to be more resistant to a viral entry inhibitor than a reference HIV and treating the patient based on that determination. In certain aspects, the methods comprise detecting whether the envelope protein from an HIV from the patient comprises a mutation or mutations in codons 117, 421, 121, and/or 298, wherein the presence of the mutation or mutations indicates that the HIV is likely to be more susceptible to the entry inhibitor than the reference HIV.
1. A method for treating a patient having a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, comprising
(a) determining whether an HIV from the patient is likely to exhibit altered susceptibility to an entry inhibitor by detecting or having detected, in a nucleic acid encoding an envelope protein of the HIV, a mutation in codons corresponding to codon 117 and codon 421 of reference HIV strain HXB2, wherein the mutation encodes glutamate (E); or a mutation in a codon corresponding to codon 121 or codon 298 reference HIV strain HXB2, wherein the mutation in codon 121 encodes glutamate (E) or the mutation in codon 298 encodes glycine (G) or serine (S); wherein the presence of the mutation or mutations indicates that the HIV is likely to be susceptible to the entry inhibitor; and
(b) treating the patient with an effective amount of the entry inhibitor if the HIV is determined in step (a) to be likely to be susceptible to the entry inhibitor or treating the patient with an effective amount of a different inhibitor if the HIV is determined in step (a) is likely to be resistant to the entry inhibitor.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the HIV is HIV-1.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method comprises detecting or having detected a mutation in codon 117 that encodes glutamate (E).
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method comprises detecting or having detected a mutation in codon 421 that encodes glutamate (E).
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the HIV exhibits increased susceptibility to an entry inhibitor relative to a reference HIV.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method comprises detecting or having detected a mutation in codon 121 that encodes glutamate (E) or a mutation in codon 298 that encodes serine (S).
7. A method for treating a patient having a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, comprising
(a) determining whether an HIV from the patient is likely to exhibit altered susceptibility to an entry inhibitor by detecting or having detected whether a nucleic acid encoding an envelope protein of the HIV encodes a protein that reduces infectivity or fusogenicity of the HIV, wherein the nucleic acid encoding the envelope protein of the HIV comprises a mutation encoding glutamate (E) in codons corresponding to codon 117 and codon 421 of the reference HIV strain HXB2, or the nucleic acid encoding the envelope protein of the HIV comprises a mutation in a codon corresponding to codon 121 or codon 298 of the reference HIV strain HXB2, and wherein the mutation in codon 121 encodes glutamate (E) and the mutation in codon 298 encodes serine (S); and
(b) treating the patient with an effective amount of the entry inhibitor if the HIV is determined in step (a) to be likely to be susceptible to the entry inhibitor or treating the patient with an effective amount of a different inhibitor if the HIV is determined in step (a) is likely to be resistant to the entry inhibitor.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the nucleic acid encoding the envelope protein of the HIV comprises a mutation in codons corresponding to codon 117 and codon 421 of the reference HIV strain HXB2, and wherein the mutations encode glutamate (E).
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the nucleic acid encoding the envelope protein of the HIV comprises a mutation in a codon corresponding to codon 121 or codon 298 of the reference HIV strain HXB2, and wherein the mutation in codon 121 encodes glutamate (E) and the mutation in codon 298 encodes serine (S).