Coating to cool a surface by passive radiative cooling
Disclosed herein in is a radiative cooling formulation comprising a first component with >55% reflectance in wavelengths between 0.3 to 2.5 microns, a second component with >0.85 peak thermal emissivity in a window of 4 to 35 microns, and a third component to mechanically bind together the mixture of components.
1. A radiative cooling formulation comprising:
a first component with >55% reflectance in wavelengths between 0.3 to 2.5 microns;
a second component with >0.85 peak thermal emissivity in a window of 4 to 35 microns; and
a third component to mechanically bind together the first and second components, wherein the first, second and third components are mixed and deposited as a single layer.
2. The radiative cooling formulation of claim 1 , further comprising a fourth component to protect the first, second and third components from at least one of physical damage or degraded properties.
3. The radiative cooling formulation of claim 2 , wherein two or more of the first, second components comprise a same material.
4. The radiative cooling formulation of claim 2 , wherein at least one of the first, second, third or fourth components comprise multiple materials.
5. The radiative cooling formulation of claim 1 , wherein the second and fourth components are a same material.
6. The radiative cooling formulation of claim 1 , wherein members of the first component comprise PTFE, barium sulfate, zinc oxides, aluminum oxides, magnesium oxides, or Tio2.
7. The radiative cooling formulation of claim 1 , wherein members of the second component comprise materials with carbon-carbon bonding, PTFE, PFA, FEP, ETFE, THV, ethyl cellulose, poly ethyl methacrylate PEMA, poly methyl methacrylate PMMA, polyvincyl butyrol PVB, cellulose acetate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate PET, polyethylene naphthalate PEN, polyesters, or polycarbonates.
8. The radiative cooling formulation of claim 1 , wherein the second component is a top coating.
9. The radiative cooling formulation of claim 1 , wherein members of the third component comprise PTFE, PFA, FEP, ETFE, THV, ethyl cellulose, poly ethyl methacrylate PEMA, poly methyl methacrylate PMMA, polyvincyl butyrol PVB, cellulose acetate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate PET, polyethylene naphthalate PEN, polyesters, or polycarbonates.
10. The radiative cooling formulation of claim 2 , wherein members of the fourth component comprise PTFE, PFA, FEP, ETFE, THV, ethyl cellulose, poly ethyl methacrylate PEMA, poly methyl methacrylate PMMA, polyvincyl butyrol PVB, cellulose acetate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate PET, polyethylene naphthalate PEN, polyesters, and polycarbonates.
11. The radiative cooling formulation of claim 1 , wherein the first, second and third components are formed into a multi-layer structure.
12. The radiative cooling formulation of claim 1 , wherein the reflectance is >95% of wavelengths between 0.3-2.5 microns.
13. The radiative cooling formulation of claim 1 , wherein the formulation provides passive radiative cooling greater than zero Watts per square meter (W/m 2 ) without input of water or electricity.
14. The radiative cooling formulation of claim 1 , wherein the formulation provides passive radiative cooling of at least 5 degrees Celsius below ambient temperature when solar illumination is present and without input of water or electricity.
15. The radiative cooling formulation of claim 2 , wherein the fourth component which is physically robust but does not decrease the radiative flux.
16. The radiative cooling formulation of claim 2 , wherein the fourth component which is both physically robust and enhances the radiative flux.
17. The radiative cooling formulation of claim 2 , wherein at least one of the second or fourth component is a clear coating that is radiatively emitting in the window and is substantially non-absorbing of visible wavelengths, such that optical properties are largely unchanged by the addition of the clear coat, and the thermal emissivity is enhanced.