Control of fuel flow for power generation based on DC link level
A power generating unit, control unit and modular power generating system. A power generating unit includes an engine-generator set including an engine that produces mechanical power and a generator mechanically coupled to the engine. The generator converts the mechanical power to electrical power provided to a DC link. The control unit includes at least one controller configured to control fuel flow to the engine based on a voltage of the DC link.
1. An energy storage system for an engine-generator, comprising:
a first power converter that receives a first form of electrical power from an engine-generator and converts the first form of electrical power to a second form of electrical power;
a DC link that receives the second form of electrical power from the first power converter;
an energy storage unit that receives the second form of electrical power from the DC link;
a power delivery unit that receives the second form of electrical power from the DC link, and converts the second form of electrical power to a third form of electrical power, and provides the third form of electrical power to a load; and
at least one controller configured to control fuel flow to the engine-generator based on a voltage of the DC link, wherein the at least one controller is further configured to, while the engine-generator is running:
command a fuel system of the engine-generator to have a first fuel flow setpoint;
receive a signal representing the voltage of the DC link; and
command the fuel system to have a second fuel flow setpoint different from the first fuel flow setpoint, the second fuel flow setpoint being based on the signal representing the voltage of the DC link.
2. The energy storage system of claim 1 , wherein the first power converter is an AC-DC converter.
3. The energy storage system of claim 1 , wherein the energy storage unit comprise one or more ultracapacitors.
4. The energy storage system of claim 1 , wherein the power delivery unit is a DC-AC converter.
5. A control unit for an energy storage system for an engine-generator, the control unit comprising:
at least one controller configured to vary fuel flow to the engine-generator based on a voltage of a DC link, and maintain fuel flow at a level that keeps the engine-generator running as the fuel flow is varied based on the voltage of the DC link.
6. The control unit of claim 5 , wherein the at least one controller controls fuel flow to the engine-generator by commanding a set point to a fuel control valve of the engine-generator.
7. The control unit of claim 5 , wherein the at least one controller is at least a portion of a control loop, wherein:
the control loop obtains a signal representing a voltage of the DC link;
the control loop commands a set point to a fuel system of the engine-generator based on the signal representing the voltage of the DC link; and
the control loop maintains the voltage of the DC link within a specified range of values.
8. The control unit of claim 5 , wherein the at least one controller comprises at least a portion of a plurality of control loops, wherein:
a first control loop obtains a signal representing a voltage of the DC link, the first control loop commands a speed setpoint of the engine-generator, and the first control loop maintains the voltage of the DC link within a specified range of values; and
a second control loop obtains the speed setpoint of the engine-generator, the second control loop commands a set point to a fuel system of the engine-generator, and the second control loop maintains the engine-generator speed at the set point commanded by the first control loop.
9. The control unit of claim 5 , wherein the at least one controller is configured to:
control power output from the engine-generator to the DC link to regulate a speed of the engine-generator; and
control power output from a power delivery unit to a load to regulate a voltage of the power delivered to the load.
10. A method of sizing an engine-generator and an energy storage system to service an electrical load, wherein:
the engine-generator is chosen such that its electrical power output capacity is greater than a time-averaged load;
the energy storage system comprises:
a first power converter that receives a first form of electrical power from an engine-generator and converts the first form of electrical power to a second form of electrical power;
a DC link that receives the second form of electrical power from the first power converter;
an energy storage unit that receives the second form of electrical power from the DC link; and
a power delivery unit that receives the second form of electrical power from the DC link, and converts the second form of electrical power to a third form of electrical power, and provides the third form of electrical power to a load;
the first power converter is chosen such that its electrical power output capacity is greater than the time-averaged load;
the power delivery unit is chosen such that its electrical power output capacity is greater than a peak load; and
the energy storage unit is chosen such that its DC voltage does not fall outside an output voltage range of the first power converter or an input voltage range of the power delivery unit.