Cathode including a tandem electrocatalyst and solid oxide fuel cell including the same
A cathode having a tandem electrocatalyst structure is provided. The cathode includes a plurality of wires spaced apart from each other, a layer formed on a surface of each of the plurality of wires, and a plurality of nanoparticles disposed on the layer. Each of the plurality of wires includes a first perovskite material or a metal. The layer includes a second perovskite material. Each of the nanoparticles includes a metal oxide.
1. A cathode comprising:
a plurality of wires spaced apart from each other, each wire of the plurality of wires comprising a material selected from the group consisting of: a first perovskite material and a metal;
a layer formed on a surface of each wire of the plurality of wires, the layer comprising a second perovskite material; and
a plurality of nanoparticles disposed on the layer, each nanoparticle of the plurality of nanoparticles comprising a metal oxide.
2. The cathode according to claim 1 , wherein
each wire of the plurality of wires is formed of at least one selected from the group consisting of: lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite and stainless steel.
3. The cathode according to claim 1 , wherein
the second perovskite material is at least one selected from the group consisting of: praseodymium barium strontium cobalt ferrite and lanthanum strontium cobaltite.
4. The cathode according to claim 1 , wherein
the metal oxide is at least one selected from the group consisting of: praseodymium oxide and neodymium oxide.
5. The cathode according to claim 1 , wherein
the metal oxide is at least one selected from the group consisting of: chromium oxide and iron oxide.
6. The cathode according to claim 1 , wherein
each wire of the plurality of wires has a length greater than or equal to 200 nm and less than or equal to 50 μm.
7. The cathode according to claim 1 , wherein
a distance between each adjacent wire of the plurality of wires is greater than or equal to 100 nm and less than or equal to 10 μm.
8. The cathode according to claim 7 , wherein
the distance between each adjacent wire of the plurality of wires is constant.
9. The cathode according to claim 1 , wherein
each wire of the plurality of wires has a diameter greater than or equal to 100 nm and less than or equal to 10 μm.
10. The cathode according to claim 1 , wherein
a thickness of the layer is greater than or equal to 50 nm and less than or equal to 200 nm.
11. The cathode according to claim 1 , wherein
each nanoparticle of the plurality of nanoparticles has a size greater than or equal to 5 nm and less than or equal to 20 nm.
12. The cathode according to claim 1 , wherein
a thickness of the cathode ranges from 200 μm to 400 μm.
13. The cathode according to claim 1 , wherein
a top surface of each wire of the plurality of wires is free of the layer and the nanoparticles.
14. The cathode according to claim 13 , wherein
the top surface of each wire of the plurality of wires is coated with an epoxy.
15. A solid oxide fuel cell comprising:
a solid electrolyte;
a plurality of wires spaced apart from each other and formed on the solid electrolyte layer, each wire of the plurality of wires comprising a material selected from the group consisting of: a first perovskite material and a metal;
a layer formed on a surface of each wire of the plurality of wires, the layer comprising a second perovskite material or a first metal oxide; and
a plurality of nanoparticles disposed on the layer, each nanoparticle of the plurality of nanoparticles comprising a second metal oxide.
16. The solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 15 , wherein
each wire of the plurality of wires is formed of at least one selected from the group consisting of: lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite and stainless steel.
17. The solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 15 , wherein
the second perovskite material is at least one selected from the group consisting of: praseodymium barium strontium cobalt ferrite and lanthanum strontium cobaltite.
18. The solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 15 , wherein
the first metal oxide is at least one selected from the group consisting of: chromium oxide and iron oxide, and the second metal oxide is at least one selected from the group consisting of: praseodymium oxide and neodymium oxide.
19. The solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 15 , further comprising
an anode comprising stainless steel.
20. The solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 19 , further comprising
a bonding layer between the anode and the solid electrolyte,
the bonding layer comprising scandium cerium-stabilized zirconia.
21. The solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 19 , wherein
the anode comprises stainless steel particles and an anode catalyst coating on each particle of the stainless steel particles.
22. The solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 15 , wherein
the solid oxide fuel cell does not include a current collector.
23. The solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 15 , wherein
the anode has a thickness of 200 μm.
24. The solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 15 , wherein
the solid electrolyte comprises scandium cerium-stabilized zirconia.
25. A solid oxide fuel cell comprising:
a solid electrolyte;
a plurality of wires spaced apart from each other and formed on a surface of the solid electrolyte, each wire of the plurality of wires formed of stainless steel; and
a layer formed on a surface of each wire of the plurality of wires, the layer comprising a metal oxide including at least one of chromium and iron and at least one of neodymium and praseodymium,
each wire of the plurality of wires having a thickness ranging from approximately 100 nm to 10 μm.
26. The solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 25 ,
wherein
the metal oxide is neodymium chromium oxide.
27. A method of producing a solid oxide fuel cell, the method comprising:
providing a cathode comprising a plurality of metal wires spaced apart from each other on a first surface of a solid electrolyte, the second surface of the solid electrolyte opposite the first surface being in contact with an anode;
forming a layer comprising a metal on a surface of each metal wire of the plurality of metal wires;
heating the layer in air to a first temperature to form a first metal oxide in the layer;
coating the layer with a plurality of nanoparticles; and
heating the nanoparticles in air to a second temperature to form a second metal oxide in the layer.
28. The method according to claim 27 , wherein
each metal wire of the plurality of metal wires is formed of stainless steel.
29. The method according to claim 27 , wherein
the anode comprises a metal support and a bonding layer formed on the metal support, the bonding layer comprising a solid electrolyte material.
30. The method according to claim 27 , wherein
the second metal oxide comprises neodymium and chromium.