Method and system for improved performance of silicon anode containing cells through formation
Systems and methods for improved performance of silicon anode containing cells through formation may include a cathode, electrolyte, and silicon containing anode. The battery may be subjected to a formation process comprising one or more cycles of: charging the battery at a 1 C rate to 3.8 volts or greater until a current in the battery reaches C/20, and discharging the battery to 2.5 volts or less. The battery may comprise a lithium ion battery. The electrolyte may comprise a liquid, solid, or gel. The anode may comprise greater than 70% silicon. The battery may be discharged until the current reaches 0.2 C. The battery may be discharged at a 1 C rate or at a 0.2 C rate. The battery may be in a rest period between the charge and discharge.
1. A battery, the battery comprising:
a nickel containing cathode, an electrolyte, and a silicon containing anode, wherein the anode comprises greater than 50% silicon, with the battery being subjected to a formation process that comprises one or more cycles of the following steps:
charging the battery at a 1 C rate to at least a formation charge threshold of 3.8 volts or greater until a current in the battery reaches C/20; and
discharging the battery to at least a formation discharge threshold of 2.5 volts or less, wherein the formation discharge threshold is lower than a discharge threshold used during normal operation of the battery.
2. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the battery comprises a lithium ion battery.
3. The battery according to claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte comprises a liquid, solid, or gel.
4. The battery according to claim 1 , wherein the anode comprises greater than 70% silicon.
5. The battery according to claim 1 , wherein the battery is discharged until the current reaches 0.2 C.
6. The battery according to claim 1 , wherein the battery is discharged at a 1 C rate.
7. The battery according to claim 1 , wherein the battery is discharged at a 0.2 C rate.
8. The battery according to claim 1 , wherein the battery is in a rest period between the charge and discharge.
9. A method of forming a battery, the method comprising:
subjecting a battery comprising an anode, a nickel oxide containing cathode, and an electrolyte to a formation process, the anode comprising greater than 50% silicon, wherein the formation process comprises, for at least one cycle:
charging the battery at a 1 C rate to at least a formation charge threshold of 3.8 volts or greater until a current in the battery reaches C/20; and
discharging the battery to at least a formation discharge threshold of less than 2.5 volts, wherein the formation discharge threshold is lower than a discharge threshold used during normal operation of the battery.
10. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the battery comprises a lithium ion battery.
11. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the electrolyte comprises a liquid, solid, or gel.
12. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the anode comprises greater than 70% silicon.
13. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the battery is discharged until the current reaches 0.2 C.
14. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the battery is discharged at a 1 C rate.
15. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the battery is discharged at a 0.2 C rate.
16. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the battery is in a rest period between the charge and discharge.
17. A method of forming a battery, the method comprising:
subjecting a battery comprising an anode, a nickel oxide containing cathode, and an electrolyte to a formation process, the anode comprising greater than 50% silicon, wherein the formation process comprises, for at least one cycle:
charging the battery at a 1 C rate to 3.8 volts or greater until a current in the battery reaches C/20; and
discharging the battery at a 1 C rate to X percentage of charge capacity, where X ranges from 0.77 to 0.99.
18. The method according to claim 17 , wherein the battery comprises a lithium ion battery.
19. The method according to claim 17 , wherein the electrolyte comprises a liquid, solid, or gel.
20. The method according to claim 17 , wherein the anode comprises greater than 70% silicon.