Peritoneal dialysis transfer set with antimicrobial properties
The disclosure provides a method for preventing infection and microbial ingress in medical device connections between peritoneal dialysis transfer sets and peritoneal dialysis catheters. A peritoneal dialysis transfer set includes a male connector with a distal tip and a recess at the distal tip configured to deliver and confine an antimicrobial composition into solution within a cavity formed by the recess. The surface of the recess includes an antimicrobial composition. In certain implementations the antimicrobial composition contains chlorhexidine acetate.
1. A method for delivering an antimicrobial composition from a peritoneal dialysis transfer set to a medical device, the method comprising:
inserting a male connector of a peritoneal dialysis transfer set into a female connector of a peritoneal dialysis catheter the male connector comprising a male tapered surface and the female connector comprising a female tapered surface, such that the male tapered surface engages the female tapered surface to form a substantially fluid-tight seal, the male connector comprising:
a distal tip comprising a distal end face;
the distal tip comprising a recess surface proximal to the distal end face, wherein the recess surface is radially inward of a line of taper extending along, and distal of, the male tapered surface at a first taper angle relative to a central longitudinal axis of the male connector;
a water-soluble antimicrobial composition positioned on the recess surface; and
a fluid flow channel through the male connector;
wherein, upon insertion of the male connector into the female connector, the recess surface and the female tapered surface form a cavity and a fluid at least partially fills the cavity, and wherein at least a portion of the antimicrobial composition is dispersed within the fluid in the cavity.
2. The method of claim 1 , the male connector further comprising a tapered surface distal edge proximal to the distal tip of the male connector.
3. The method of claim 2 , the tapered surface distal edge being at a distalmost end of the male tapered surface.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the tapered surface distal edge is proximal to at least part of the cavity formed between the female tapered surface and the recess surface.
5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the male tapered surface has a diameter at the tapered surface distal edge, the distal tip has an outer diameter, and the diameter of the male tapered surface at the tapered surface distal edge is greater than the outer diameter of the distal tip.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the male connector is a distal end portion of the peritoneal dialysis transfer set.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the antimicrobial composition comprises chlorhexidine.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein a portion of the antimicrobial composition dissolves into the fluid and forms a chlorhexidine precipitate on a portion of the female tapered surface.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein after a portion of the antimicrobial composition is dispersed within the fluid in the cavity, the dispersed antimicrobial composition retains a concentration in the cavity of at least 200 micrograms per milliliter for a time period of at least 1 minute.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cavity defines a volume within a range of 1 microliter to 25 microliters.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein a plurality of blades extend radially outward from the recess surface into the cavity to at least partially divide the cavity.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first taper angle is equal to a second taper angle of the recess surface relative to the central longitudinal axis.
13. The method of claim 1 , further comprising a proximal trap comprising an annular cavity at least partially opening into the cavity formed between the female tapered surface and the recess surface.
14. A method for delivering an antimicrobial composition from a peritoneal dialysis transfer set to a medical device, the method comprising:
inserting a male connector of a peritoneal dialysis transfer set comprising a male tapered surface into a female connector of a peritoneal dialysis catheter, the female connector comprising a female tapered surface, such that the male tapered surface engages the female tapered surface to form a fluid-tight seal, the male connector comprising:
a conical taper defined in part by the male tapered surface;
a distal tip comprising a distal end face, and a recess surface proximal to the distal end face and inside the conical taper;
a tapered surface distal edge of the male tapered surface proximal to the distal tip;
a fluid flow channel through the male connector; and
a water-soluble antimicrobial composition positioned on the recess surface;
wherein, upon insertion of the male connector into the female connector, an annular cavity is formed between, and at least partly defined by, the recess surface and the female tapered surface of the female connector, the annular cavity comprising a proximal end coincident with the tapered surface distal edge and a distal end coincident with the distal end face, a volume between the proximal end and the distal end, a depth measured radially, and a length measured axially;
wherein the distal end of the annular cavity is in fluid communication with a fluid lumen of the peritoneal dialysis catheter, and the length of the annular cavity is at least twice the depth of the annular cavity; and
wherein a fluid at least partially fills the annular cavity, and at least a portion of the antimicrobial composition is dispersed within the fluid in the annular cavity.
15. A peritoneal dialysis transfer set configured to deliver an antimicrobial composition to a medical device, the peritoneal dialysis transfer set comprising: a medical tube; and a male connector secured to the medical tube, the male connector comprising a male tapered surface, the male connector further comprising: a distal tip comprising a distal end face; a radially-outward-facing recess surface extending proximally from the distal end face of the distal tip, the recess surface being radially inward of a line of taper extending along the male tapered surface; a water-soluble antimicrobial composition positioned on the recess surface; and a fluid flow channel through the male connector.
16. The peritoneal dialysis transfer set of claim 15 , the male connector further comprising a tapered surface distal edge proximal to the distal end face of the male connector, the tapered surface distal edge being at the distalmost end of the male tapered surface.
17. The peritoneal dialysis transfer set of claim 16 , wherein the tapered surface distal edge is proximal to at least part of the recess surface.
18. The peritoneal dialysis transfer set of claim 15 , wherein a plurality of blades extend radially outward from the recess surface and divide the recess surface.
19. The peritoneal dialysis transfer set of claim 18 , wherein the plurality of blades comprise a plurality of blade surfaces and at least a portion of the antimicrobial composition is located on the plurality of blade surfaces.
20. The peritoneal dialysis transfer set of claim 15 , further comprising a proximal trap comprising an annular cavity proximal to a distal end of the male tapered surface.
21. The peritoneal dialysis transfer set of claim 15 , further comprising a fluid-soluble, time-release material covering the antimicrobial composition.
22. The peritoneal dialysis transfer set of claim 21 , wherein the time-release material is configured to dissolve in fluid to expose the antimicrobial composition to the fluid in a time interval of between 1 second and 60 seconds.
23. The peritoneal dialysis transfer set of claim 21 , wherein the time-release material is configured to dissolve in fluid to expose the antimicrobial composition to the fluid in a time interval of between 1 minute and 10 minutes.
24. The peritoneal dialysis transfer set of claim 15 , wherein the recess surface has a width greater than 0.5 mm.