Absorbent glass mat battery

1. A lead-acid storage battery comprising:

a container with a cover, the container including one or more compartments;

one or more cell elements in the one or more compartments, the one or more cell elements comprising:

a positive electrode, the positive electrode having a positive substrate and a positive electrochemically active material on the positive substrate;

a negative electrode, the negative electrode having a negative substrate and a negative active mass on the negative substrate, with the negative active mass having a composition with a normalized CO 2 savings of greater than 2 g CO 2 /km, the composition comprises a leady oxide, a natural organic expander material and a synthetic organic expander material, a fine particle barium sulfate, and a plurality of conductive carbons, with the plurality of conductive carbons including a first plurality of conductive carbons being activated carbon and a second plurality of conductive carbons being graphite and each of the plurality of conductive carbons having a surface area between 100 m 2 /g and 200 m 2 /g;

an absorbent glass mat separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; and

the natural organic expander material and the synthetic organic expander material comprising surface active molecules to provide for reduced deposition of a lead as a non-porous layer proximate to the negative electrode;

an electrolyte within the container; and

one or more terminal posts extending from the container or the cover and electrically coupled to the one or more cell elements, wherein the battery has a dynamic charge acceptance greater than 0.6 A/Ah.

2. The lead-acid storage battery of claim 1 , wherein the negative active mass comprises 0.1-0.3 wt % of the synthetic organic expander material, 0.1-0.3 wt % of the first plurality of conductive carbons, 0.1-0.3 wt % of the second plurality of conductive carbons, and 0.5-1.5 wt % of the-fine particle barium sulfate, wt % being an amount relative to the leady oxide used in the negative active mass.

3. The lead-acid storage battery of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte comprises a sulfuric acid solution including at least one metal sulfate, wherein the at least one metal sulfate is a soluble metal sulfate selected from a group consisting of elements Al, Mg, Na, K, Li, and Zn.

4. The lead-acid storage battery of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the positive electrochemically active material and the negative active mass has a bimodal particle size distribution of oxide.

5. The lead-acid storage battery of claim 1 , wherein the synthetic organic expander material being a polycondensate of an aromatic sulfone includes at least one of a phenyl sulfone, a naphthalene sulfone, and a benzyl sulfone.

6. The lead-acid storage battery of claim 1 , further comprising an additional separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

7. The lead-acid storage battery of claim 1 , further comprising a pasting paper.

8. The lead-acid storage battery of claim 1 , wherein the battery has a resistance increase of approximately 15 percent over 8000 battery cycles.

9. The lead-acid storage battery of claim 1 , wherein the battery has a C20 discharge capacity at 25 degrees Celsius ranging from approximately 75 Ah at 1 week to approximately 70 Ah at 18 weeks.

10. The lead-acid storage battery of claim 1 , wherein the battery has a charge acceptance which comprises:

at 90 percent state of charge, a range of approximately 200 A at 1 seconds to approximately 70-80 A at 60 seconds;

at 80 percent state of charge, a range of approximately 200 A at 1 seconds to approximately 120-130 A at 60 seconds;

at 70 percent state of charge, a range of approximately 200 A at 1 seconds to approximately 160 to 170 A at 60 seconds; and

at 60 percent state of charge, a range of approximately 200 A at 1 seconds to approximately 190 to 200 A at 60 seconds.

11. The lead-acid storage battery of claim 1 , wherein the battery has the dynamic charge acceptance greater than 0.7 A/Ah.

12. The lead-acid storage battery of claim 1 , wherein the battery has a charge acceptance of approximately 0.02 Ah/s, a normalized recuperation time of approximately 220 seconds, and a normalized charged Ah of approximately 5.

13. The lead-acid storage battery of claim 1 , wherein the battery delivers approximately 2.2 g/km CO 2 reduction.

14. The lead-acid storage battery of claim 1 , wherein the battery comprises a dynamic charge acceptance which is at least greater than two times an industry average of approximately 0.22 A/Ah.

15. The lead-acid storage battery of claim 1 , wherein the battery comprises an endurance, a high charge acceptance, a high current performance, and a high capacity.

16. A negative electrode for a lead-acid battery, the negative electrode comprising:

a negative current collector and a negative electrochemically active material on the negative current collector;

the negative electrochemically active material, having a composition with a normalized CO 2 savings of greater than 2 g CO 2 /km, the composition comprises a leady oxide, 0.1-0.3 wt % of a synthetic organic material, 0.1-0.3 wt % of a first conductive carbon, 0.1-0.3 wt % of a second conductive carbon, and 0.5-1.5 wt % of a fine particle barium sulfate, wt % being an amount relative to dry leady oxide used in the negative electrochemically active material;

the first conductive carbon being activated carbon and the second conductive carbon being graphite and each having a surface area between 100 m 2 /g and 200 m 2 /g; and

the synthetic organic material comprising surface active molecules to provide for reduced deposition of a lead as a non-porous layer proximate to the negative electrode.

17. The negative electrode of claim 16 , wherein the synthetic organic material is a polycondensate of an aromatic sulfone includes at least one of a phenyl sulfone, a naphthalene sulfone, and a benzyl sulfone.

18. A battery having the negative electrode of claim 16 .

19. A lead-acid storage battery comprising:

a container with a cover, the container including one or more compartments;

one or more cell elements in the one or more compartments, the one or more cell elements comprising:

a positive electrode, the positive electrode having a positive substrate and a positive electrochemically active material on the positive substrate;

a negative electrode, the negative electrode having a negative substrate and a negative active mass on the negative substrate, with the negative active mass having a composition with a normalized CO 2 savings of greater than 2 g CO 2 /km, the composition comprises a leady oxide, at least one of a natural organic expander material and a synthetic organic expander material, a very fine particle barium sulfate, wherein the very fine particle comprises a range of from less than 0.1 μm to approximately 1 μm, and a first conductive carbon being activated carbon and a second conductive carbon being graphite and each of the first conductive carbon and the second conductive carbon having a surface area between 100 m 2 /g and 200 m 2 /g;

an absorbent glass mat separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; and

the natural organic expander material and the synthetic organic expander material comprising surface active molecules to provide for reduced deposition of a lead as a non-porous layer proximate to the negative electrode;

an electrolyte within the container;

one or more terminal posts extending from the container or the cover and electrically coupled to the one or more cell elements; and

wherein the battery has a dynamic charge acceptance greater than 0.6 A/Ah.