Non-contacting molten metal flow control
Systems and methods are disclosed for using magnetic fields (e.g., changing magnetic fields) to control metal flow conditions during casting (e.g., casting of an ingot, billet, or slab). The magnetic fields can be introduced using rotating permanent magnets or electromagnets. The magnetic fields can be used to induce movement of the molten metal in a desired direction, such as in a rotating pattern around the surface of the molten sump. The magnetic fields can be used to induce metal flow conditions in the molten sump to increase homogeneity in the molten sump and resultant ingot.
1. An aluminum product having a crystalline structure with an average dendrite arm spacing across the entire aluminum product of below 9.5 μm, and an average grain size below 255 μm, the aluminum product obtained by introducing molten metal into a mold cavity and inducing molten flow in the molten metal by generating a changing magnetic field proximate an upper surface of the molten metal.
2. The aluminum product of claim 1 , wherein the maximum standard deviation of dendrite arm spacing is at or below 10 μm.
3. The aluminum product of claim 1 , wherein the maximum standard deviation of dendrite arm spacing is at or below 7.5 μm.
4. The aluminum product of claim 1 , wherein inducing molten flow in the molten metal further includes inducing sympathetic flow in the molten metal.
5. The aluminum product of claim 1 , wherein the maximum standard deviation of dendrite arm spacing is at or below 5 μm.
6. The aluminum product of claim 1 , wherein a maximum standard deviation of grain size is at or below 200 μm.
7. The aluminum product of claim 6 , wherein the maximum standard deviation of grain size is at or below 80 μm.
8. The aluminum product of claim 6 , wherein the maximum standard deviation of grain size is at or below 45 μm.
9. The aluminum product of claim 1 , wherein an average grain size is at or below 200 μm.
10. The aluminum product of claim 9 , wherein the average grain size is at or below 150 μm.
11. The aluminum product of claim 1 , wherein the aluminum product contains between 0% and 50% recycled aluminum.
12. The aluminum product of claim 1 , wherein the aluminum product contains between 50% and 100% recycled aluminum.
13. An aluminum product containing up to 100% recycled aluminum and having a crystalline structure with an average dendrite arm spacing across the entire aluminum product of below 9.5 μm and an average grain size below 255 μm, the aluminum product obtained by introducing molten metal into a mold cavity and inducing molten flow in the molten metal by generating a changing magnetic field proximate an upper surface of the molten metal.
14. The aluminum product of claim 13 , wherein the aluminum product contains between 0% and 50% recycled aluminum.
15. The aluminum product of claim 13 , wherein the aluminum product contains between 25% and 50% recycled aluminum.
16. The aluminum product of claim 13 , wherein the aluminum product contains between 50% and 100% recycled aluminum.
17. The aluminum product of claim 13 , wherein the aluminum product contains between 75% and 100% recycled aluminum.
18. The aluminum product of claim 13 , wherein the aluminum product has a crystalline structure with a maximum standard deviation of dendrite arm spacing at or below 16 μm.
19. The aluminum product of claim 18 , wherein the maximum standard deviation of dendrite arm spacing is at or below 10 μm.