Methods for generating transgenic plants
This invention provides a method for generating transgenic plants with a low copy number. Plant cells are transformed with polynucleotides containing transcriptional cassettes designed to trigger silencing of a gene which is essential for the plant cell to survive the transformation and regeneration process. The present invention enables the recovery of an increased number of transgenic plants which have only one copy of each desired transcriptional cassette.
1. An Agrobacterium -mediated transformation method for making transgenic plant cells, comprising:
a. providing a first T-DNA polynucleotide comprising all transcriptional cassettes of interest, wherein the first transcriptional cassette comprises a selectable marker, wherein the selectable marker is PMI, and at least one transcriptional cassette comprises a trait gene;
b. providing a second T-DNA polynucleotide comprising a transcriptional cassette, wherein said transcriptional cassette is transcribed into RNA and whose expression induces reduced expression or silencing of said selectable marker;
c. providing a DNA plasmid for Agrobacterium -mediated transformation, comprising said first T-DNA polynucleotide and said second T-DNA polynucleotide;
d. performing Agrobacterium -mediated transformation on a plurality of cells to produce a plurality of transgenic plant cells;
e. selecting for transgenic plant cells which only contain said first T-DNA polynucleotide using the selection agent for said selectable marker; and
f. growing transgenic tissues from said transgenic plant cells of step (e),
wherein transgenic plant cells with the second T-DNA polynucleotide of step (b) have reduced survivability through the transformation and regeneration process, and an increased percentage of said transgenic cells carrying only one copy of each transcriptional cassette within the first T-DNA polynucleotide of step (a) is generated compared to methods without step (b).
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the transcriptional cassette of step (b) has at least 60%, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90% or at least 95% sequence identity to said selectable marker, or a fragment thereof.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second T-DNA polynucleotide is further comprised of a first polynucleotide fragment of the selectable marker, wherein said first polynucleotide fragment is at least 20 nucleotides in length, operably linked to a polynucleotide linker, operably linked to a second polynucleotide fragment at least 20 polynucleotides in length which is complementary to the first polynucleotide fragment.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said selectable marker provides selection in the presence of a selection agent, wherein the selection agent is selected from the group consisting of antibiotics, herbicides, drugs, metabolite analogs, metabolic intermediates, or phytohormone precursors.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the selectable marker is PMI.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said transcriptional cassette of step (b) comprises SEQ ID NO: 15.
7. A DNA plasmid comprising the first and second T-DNA polynucleotides of claim 1 .
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of determining the copy number of each transcriptional cassette of interest comprised in said transgenic tissues.
9. The method of claim 8 , further comprising the step of selecting a transgenic tissue comprising a single copy of the transcriptional cassettes and growing the plant tissue into a plant.
10. A plant, plant tissue, or plant cell made by the method of claim 1 , wherein the plant, plant tissue, or plant cell comprises the DNA plasmid comprising the first T-DNA polynucleotide and the second T-DNA polynucleotide.