Directed emitter/sensor for electromagnetic tracking in augmented reality systems

1. An electromagnetic tracking system comprising:

a hand held controller including:

an electromagnetic emitter configured to generate an electromagnetic field characterized by an electromagnetic field pattern; and

a first electromagnetic reflector positioned adjacent the electromagnetic emitter and configured to form a modified electromagnetic field pattern;

a head mounted augmented reality display including:

an electromagnetic sensor configured to sense the modified electromagnetic field pattern, wherein the electromagnetic emitter and the electromagnetic sensor include parallel plates aligned with an x-axis, the electromagnetic field extends along a negative z-axis and a positive z-axis, and the modified electromagnetic field pattern extends only along the positive z-axis; and

a second electromagnetic reflector adjacent to the electromagnetic sensor configured to sense the modified electromagnetic field pattern in a region of interest.

2. The electromagnetic tracking system of claim 1 further comprising a controller operable to:

control timing of electromagnetic emission and sensing; and

digitally compute a position and orientation of the electromagnetic emitter and the electromagnetic sensor based on the modified electromagnetic field pattern.

3. The electromagnetic tracking system of claim 2 further comprising an auxiliary unit including the controller.

4. The electromagnetic tracking system of claim 3 wherein the auxiliary unit comprises a belt pack.

5. The electromagnetic tracking system of claim 3 wherein the controller is distributed between the hand held controller, the head mounted augmented reality display, and the auxiliary unit.

6. The electromagnetic tracking system of claim 1 wherein the electromagnetic field pattern is characterized by an initial full width half maximum width and the modified electromagnetic field pattern is characterized by a modified full width half maximum width less than the initial full width half maximum width.

7. The electromagnetic tracking system of claim 6 wherein the modified electromagnetic field pattern is characterized by a higher field intensity at a lobe center than the electromagnetic field pattern.

8. The electromagnetic tracking system of claim 1 wherein at least one of the first electromagnetic reflector or the second electromagnetic reflector comprises two or more reflector plates.

9. The electromagnetic tracking system of claim 8 wherein the two or more reflector plates are joined at an apex.

10. The electromagnetic tracking system of claim 8 wherein the two or more reflector plates comprise three reflector plates defining a corner vertex of a cube.

11. The electromagnetic tracking system of claim 1 wherein at least one of the first electromagnetic reflector or the second electromagnetic reflector comprises a single reflector element.

12. A method of operating an electromagnetic tracking system, the method comprising:

generating an electromagnetic field using an electromagnetic emitter;

reflecting the electromagnetic field using a first electromagnetic reflector to form a modified electromagnetic field pattern;

reflecting a portion of the modified electromagnetic field pattern using a second electromagnetic reflector; and

sensing the reflected portion of the modified electromagnetic field pattern using an electromagnetic sensor adjacent the second electromagnetic reflector, wherein the electromagnetic emitter and the electromagnetic sensor include parallel plates aligned with an x-axis, the electromagnetic field extends along a negative z-axis and a positive z-axis, and the modified electromagnetic field pattern extends only along the positive z-axis.

13. The method of claim 12 wherein the electromagnetic emitter is disposed in a hand held controller and the electromagnetic sensor is disposed in a head mounted augmented reality display.

14. The method of claim 12 wherein the first electromagnetic reflector is positioned adjacent the electromagnetic emitter.

15. The method of claim 12 further comprising:

controlling timing of generating the electromagnetic field and sensing the reflected portion of the modified electromagnetic field pattern; and

digitally computing a position and orientation of the electromagnetic emitter and the electromagnetic sensor based on the modified electromagnetic field pattern.

16. The method of claim 12 wherein at least one of the first electromagnetic reflector or the second electromagnetic reflector comprises two or more reflector plates.

17. The method of claim 16 wherein the two or more reflector plates are joined at an apex.

18. The method of claim 16 wherein the two or more reflector plates comprise three reflector plates defining a corner vertex of a cube.

19. The method of claim 12 wherein at least one of the first electromagnetic reflector or the second electromagnetic reflector comprises a single reflector element.