Composite aerostructure with integrated heating element
A heated composite structure and a method for forming a heated composite structure. The structure includes carbon fibers embedded within a thermoplastic matrix. The carbon fibers are connected with first and second electrodes that are configured to be connected with an electric source such that applying current to the electrodes causes current to flow through the embedded carbon fibers to provide resistive heating sufficient to heat the composite structure to impede formation of ice on the composite structure.
1. A heated aerostructure, comprising:
a composite structure, comprising:
a carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic upper structural layer;
a carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic lower structural layer;
a reinforced thermoplastic heater layer, comprising:
a plurality of electrically conductive non-metallic fibers;
a first electrode electrically connected with the conductive non-metallic fibers; and
a second electrode electrically connected with the conductive non-metallic fibers, so that the conductive non-metallic fibers provide an electrical pathway between the first electrode and the second electrode;
a controller connected with a sensor and an electrical power source for controlling the power provided to the first electrode;
wherein the first electrode and the conductive non-metallic fibers are connected such that electric power applied to the first electrode is conducted to the electrically conductive non-metallic fibers to provide resistive heating sufficient to heat the composite structure to impede the formation of ice on the composite structure, and
wherein the plurality of electrically conductive fibers of the heater layer comprise unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic.
2. The heated aerostructure of claim 1 wherein the electrically conductive fibers have a first end electrically connected with the first electrode and a second end electrically connected with the second electrode and substantially all of the carbon fibers extend continuously from the first end to the second end.
3. The heated aerostructure of claim 1 wherein the controller is operable to control the electrical power provided to the first electrode in response to signals received from the sensor.
4. The heated aerostructure of claim 3 wherein the electrically conductive fibers have a first end electrically connected with the first electrode and a second end electrically connected with the second electrode and substantially all of the carbon fibers extend continuously from the first end to the second end.
5. The heated aerostructure of claim 4 wherein the heater layer comprises a convoluted path between the first and second electrodes.
6. The heated aerostructure of claim 4 comprising a second heater layer independently operable from the heater layer and a third electrically insulative layer insulating the second heater layer from the heater layer.
7. The heated aerostructure of claim 1 wherein the thermoplastic of each of the heater layer, the upper layer and the lower layer are fused with the thermoplastic in adjacent layers.
8. A heated aerostructure, comprising:
a carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic upper layer;
a carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic lower layer;
a carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic heater layer, wherein the upper layer, lower layer and heater layer are consolidated to form a laminate;
wherein the heater layer comprises a plurality of electrically conductive carbon fibers and wherein the heater layer is configured so that the electrically conductive carbon fibers of the heater layer are connectable with a power source so that electricity can flow through the electrically conductive carbon fibers of the heater layer to provide resistive heating sufficient for the heating layer to heat at least a portion of the laminate at least 50 degrees Fahrenheit, and
wherein the electrically conductive carbon fibers form a unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic layer.
9. The heated aerostructure of claim 8 wherein the electrically conductive carbon fibers have a first end electrically connected with a first electrode and a second end electrically connected with a second electrode and substantially all of the carbon fibers extend continuously from the first end to the second end.
10. The heated aerostructure of claim 9 wherein the heater layer comprises a convoluted path between the first and second electrodes.
11. The heated aerostructure of claim 9 comprising a sensor operable to sense a characteristic indicative of the presence of ice on the upper layer.
12. The heated aerostructure of claim 10 comprising a controller connected with the sensor and an electrical power source for controlling the power provided to the heater layer.
13. The heated aerostructure of claim 11 wherein the controller is operable to control the electrical power provided to heater layer in response to signals received from the sensor.