Vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aircraft with cruise rotor positioning control for minimum drag
Vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) aircraft are provided with fixed-position port and starboard wings extending laterally from an elongate fuselage having an empennage at an aft end of the fuselage and a propeller to provide horizontal thrust to the aircraft in a direction of the longitudinal axis thereof. A series of port and starboard rotor units are provided, each of which includes axially opposed rotor blades, and a motor to rotate the rotor blades and provide vertical thrust to the aircraft. A logic control unit (LCU) controllably sets an angular position of the opposed rotor blades along a position axis relative to the longitudinal axis of the aircraft in response to determining an optimal position of the rotor blades during cruise flight operation to thereby minimize airflow disruption over the fixed-position wings.
1. A vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) aircraft comprising:
an elongate fuselage defining a longitudinal axis of the aircraft;
fixed-position port and starboard wings extending laterally from the fuselage;
an empennage at an aft end of the fuselage;
a propeller to provide horizontal thrust to the aircraft in a direction of the longitudinal axis thereof;
a series of port and starboard rotor units each of which includes axially opposed rotor blades, a motor to rotate the rotor blades and provide vertical thrust to the aircraft, and at least one rotor position sensor that senses angular position of the axially opposed rotor blades; and
a logic controller operatively coupled to the sensors and to the port and starboard rotor unit motors, the logic controller configured to dynamically allocate positions of the rotor blades of each rotor unit during cruise flight operation based on a current flight state of the vehicle by controllably individually actively aligning the angular positions of the axially opposed rotor blades of each rotor unit along position axes relative to local airflow over the aircraft in response to sensed positions of the axially opposed rotor blades of the rotor unit, to minimize airflow disruption over the fixed-position wings during cruise flight operation.
2. The VTOL aircraft according to claim 1 , further comprising port and starboard rotor booms carried by the port and starboard wings and supporting the series of port and starboard rotor units, respectively.
3. The VTOL aircraft according to claim 2 , wherein the port and starboard rotor booms are aligned parallel to the longitudinal axis of the fuselage.
4. The VTOL aircraft according to claim 3 , wherein the port and starboard rotor booms extend forwardly and aft of the port and starboard wings, respectively.
5. The VTOL aircraft according to claim 4 , wherein at least a first one of the port and starboard rotor units is carried by the port and starboard rotor booms forwardly of the port and starboard wings and a second one of the port and starboard rotor units is carried by the port and starboard rotor booms aft of the port and starboard wings, respectively.
6. The VTOL aircraft according to claim 4 , wherein a first pair of the port and starboard rotor units is carried by the port and starboard rotor booms forwardly of the port and starboard wings and a second pair of the port and starboard rotor units is carried by the port and starboard rotor booms aft of the port and starboard wings, respectively.
7. The VTOL aircraft according to claim 1 , wherein each of the rotor units comprising a said rotor position sensor (RPS) which senses the angular position of the rotor blades of said rotor unit relative to the longitudinal axis of the fuselage and issues a position signal to the logic controller, the logic controller using the position signal to actively align the rotor blades in response to:
measurement of local airflow at the rotor unit, or
altitude of the aircraft based on linear interpolations over alpha and/or beta values of the aircraft.
8. The VTOL aircraft according to claim 7 , wherein each of the rotor units comprises a motor and a motor controller operatively connected to the motor, wherein the logic controller issues a control signal to the motor controller which in turn issues a command signal to the motor to control the rotor blades to assume individual positions based on optimal position of the rotor blades in dependence upon the aircraft's flight phase, that minimize airflow disruption over the fixed-position wings during cruise flight operation.
9. The VTOL aircraft according to claim 1 , wherein the propeller is a pusher propeller located at an aft end of the fuselage.
10. The VTOL aircraft according to claim 1 , wherein the aircraft comprises two pairs of the port rotor units and two pairs of the starboard rotor units.
11. The VTOL aircraft according to claim 10 , wherein a first pair of each of the port and starboard rotor units is carried by the port and starboard rotor booms forwardly of the port and starboard wings and a second pair of each of the port and starboard rotor units is carried by the port and starboard rotor booms aft of the port and starboard wings, respectively.
12. The VTOL aircraft according to claim 11 , wherein the port and starboard rotor booms extend forwardly and aft of the port and starboard wings, respectively.