Embedded patch antennas, systems and methods
Disclosed are patch antennas, systems and methods for embedding a patch antenna between two layers, such as two layers of glass. The glass layers may be a vehicle windshield. An embedded portion of an antenna substrate supporting the patch antenna may be embedded between the two layers, and an exposed portion of the antenna substrate may extend outward from the two layers. The embedded portion of the antenna substrate may support the patch antenna, and the exposed portion of the antenna substrate may support a coplanar waveguide and a connector.
1. A multilayer glass structure with an integrated patch antenna, the multilayer glass structure comprising:
a first glass layer having an inner surface and an outer surface;
a second layer having an inner surface and an outer surface, the inner surfaces of the first and second layers facing one another;
an antenna substrate having a first section installed between the first glass layer and the second glass layer and a second section extending beyond an edge of at least one of the first or second glass layers;
a patch antenna formed on the first section of the antenna substrate, the patch antenna located between the first glass layer and the antenna substrate;
a coplanar waveguide formed on the second section of the antenna substrate,
a conductive strip extending between the patch antenna and the coplanar waveguide,
a connector located on the second section of the antenna substrate; and
an antenna ground plane formed on the outer surface of the second glass layer.
2. The multilayer glass structure of claim 1 , wherein the multilayer glass structure comprises a vehicle windshield.
3. The multilayer glass structure of claim 1 , wherein the antenna ground plane is substantially the same size and shape as the first section of the antenna substrate.
4. The multilayer glass structure of claim 1 , wherein the coplanar waveguide includes a signal line extending between a first top ground plane and a second top ground plane.
5. The multilayer glass structure of claim 4 , wherein the coplanar waveguide additionally includes a bottom waveguide ground plane located on the opposite side of the antenna substrate from the first and second top ground planes and in electrical communication with at least one of the first and second top ground planes through a plurality of vias extending through the substrate.
6. The multilayer glass structure of claim 1 further comprising an intermediate layer located between the antenna substrate and at least one of the first or second glass layers.
7. An antenna system, comprising:
a first layer having an inner surface and an outer surface;
a second layer having an inner surface and an outer surface, the second layer inner surface facing the first layer inner surface;
an antenna substrate comprising:
a substrate having a first section and a second section, the first section of the substrate positioned between the first layer and the second layer,
a patch antenna positioned on the first section of the substrate,
a coplanar waveguide positioned on the second section of the substrate,
a microstrip in electrical communication with the patch antenna at a first end and the coplanar waveguide at a second end, and
a connector; and
an antenna ground plane positioned on the outer surface of the second layer.
8. The antenna system of claim 7 , further comprising an intermediate layer.
9. The antenna system of claim 8 , wherein the intermediate layer is positioned adjacent the first layer inner surface.
10. The antenna system of claim 8 , wherein the intermediate layer is positioned adjacent the second layer inner surface.
11. The antenna system of claim 7 , wherein the coplanar waveguide includes a signal line extending between a first top ground plane and a second top ground plane.
12. The antenna system of claim 11 , wherein the signal line is in contact with the microstrip at an edge of at least one of the first layer and the second layer.
13. The antenna system of claim 12 , wherein at least one of the first top ground plane and the second top ground plane has an edge that is perpendicular to the at least one of a first layer edge and a second layer edge.
14. The antenna system of claim 13 , wherein the coplanar waveguide additionally includes a bottom waveguide ground plane located on an opposite side of the substrate from the first and second top ground planes and in electrical communication with at least one of the first and second top ground planes through a plurality of vias extending through the substrate.
15. The antenna system of claim 7 , wherein the connector is soldered to an exposed area of the second section of the substrate in line with the coplanar waveguide.
16. A patch antenna, comprising:
a substrate having a first section and a second section, the first section of the substrate configured to be positioned between two layers of material;
a patch antenna positioned on the first section of the substrate;
a coplanar waveguide positioned on the second section of the substrate;
a conductive strip in electrical communication with the patch antenna at a first end and the coplanar waveguide at a second end; and
a connector;
wherein the coplanar waveguide includes a signal line extending between a first top ground plane and a second top ground plane and the signal line is in contact with the conductive strip at an edge of at least one of the two layers of material.
17. The patch antenna of claim 16 , wherein the signal line of the coplanar waveguide extends between a first top ground plane and a second top ground plane.
18. The patch antenna of claim 17 , wherein the coplanar waveguide additionally comprises a bottom waveguide ground plane located on an opposite side of the substrate from the first and second top ground planes and in electrical communication with at least one of the first and second top ground planes through a plurality of vias extending through the substrate.
19. The patch antenna of claim 16 , wherein the connector is soldered to the second section of the substrate area in line with the coplanar waveguide.