Methods of making sulfide-impregnated solid-state battery
A method of making the sulfide-impregnated solid-state battery is provided. The method comprises providing a cell core that is constructed by cell unit. The cell core is partially sealed into the packaging such as the Al laminated film and metal can. The method further comprises introducing a sulfide solid-state electrolyte (S-SSE) precursor solution in the cell core, the S-SSE precursor solution comprises a sulfide solid electrolyte and a solvent. The method further comprises evaporating the solvent from the cell core to dry the cell core to solidify the sulfide-based solid-state electrolyte within the cell core and pressurizing the cell core to densify the solid sulfide-base electrolyte within the cell core. The cell core is then fully sealed.
1. A sulfide-impregnated solid-state battery comprising:
a cell core including a plurality of cell units, each cell unit of the plurality of cell units comprising:
a positive electrode comprising a cathode layer and a positive current collector;
a negative electrode comprising anode layer and a negative current collector;
a separator layer disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, the separator being a permeable aluminum oxide film; and
a densified sulfide-based solid-state electrolyte disposed within the anode layer, wherein the densified sulfide-based solid-state electrolyte fills space between anode active layer material particles and is dispersed in pore structures of cell core.
2. The battery of claim 1 wherein each cell unit of the plurality of cell units is connected in one of parallel arrangement and bipolar arrangement to achieve a desired battery voltage, power and energy.
3. The battery of claim 1 wherein positive current collector has a thickness of between about 4 micrometers and about 100 micrometers and wherein the negative current collector has a thickness of between about 4 micrometers and about 100 micrometers.
4. The battery of claim 1 wherein the cathode layer comprises between about 30 wt % and about 98 wt % cathode active material, between about 0 wt % and about 50 wt % solid electrolyte, between about 0 wt % and about 30 wt % conductive additive, and between about 0 wt % and about 20 wt % binder, and
wherein the anode layer comprises between about 30 wt % and about 98 wt % anode active material, between about 0 wt % and about 50 wt % solid electrolyte, between about 0 wt % and about 30 wt % conductive additive, and between about 0 wt % and about 20 wt % binder.
5. The battery of claim 1 wherein each of the cathode layer and the anode layer has a thickness of between about 1 micrometer and about 1000 micrometers.
6. The battery of claim 4 wherein the cathode active material comprises LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 , LiNbO 3 -coated LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 , LiCoO 2 , LiNi x Mn y Co 1-x-y O 2 , LiNi x Mn 1-x O 2 , Li 1+x MO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , or LiV 2 (PO 4 ) 3 , or mixtures thereof.
7. The battery of claim 4 wherein the anode active material comprises carbonaceous material (e.g. graphite, hard carbon, soft carbon etc.), silicon, silicon mixed with graphite, Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 , transition-metal (e.g., Sn), metal oxide/sulfide (e.g., TiO 2 , FeS and the likes), or mixtures thereof.