Selective reduction of proteins
The present invention provides a method for making uncapped cysteine protein preparations, including uncapped engineered cysteine antibody preparations. The methods include, inter alia, contacting a reducing agent with engineered cysteine antibody molecules, each of the antibody molecules having at least one capped engineered cysteine residue and at least one interchain disulfide bond and reacting the reducing agent with the antibody molecules under conditions sufficient to uncap engineered cysteine residues and form cap byproducts. The method also includes removing the cap byproduct during the reduction reaction. Substantially all of the interchain disulfide bonds present in the antibody molecules prior to reduction are retained following reduction. Antibody conjugates and methods for preparing antibody conjugates using uncapped antibody preparations are also described.
1. A method for selective activation of engineered cysteine residues of engineered cysteine antibodies, said method comprising:
(a) diafiltering a mixture of engineered cysteine antibodies and buffer, and
(b) adding a reducing agent to said mixture in a concentration and at a rate to activate a portion of available engineered cysteine residues while retaining at least 80% of all inter-chain disulfide bonds present in the engineered cysteine antibodies prior to (b); and
(c) maintaining diafiltration of said mixture during step (b);
to selectively activate the engineered cysteine residues.
2. A method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein at least 60% of said engineered cysteine residues are activated.
3. A method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein at least 75% of said engineered cysteine residues are activated.
4. A method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein less than 20% of said inter-chain disulfide bonds are converted to a pair of free thiols.
5. A method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein at least 75% of said engineered cysteine residues are activated, and less than 20% of said inter-chain disulfide bonds are converted to a pair of free thiols.
6. A method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein said reducing agent is cysteine.
7. A method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein said reducing agent is cysteine, at least 75% of said engineered cysteine residues are activated, and less than 20% of said inter-chain disulfide bonds are converted to a pair of free thiols.
8. A method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein at least 80% of inter-chain disulfide bonds present in the engineered cysteine antibodies are retained prior to step (b).
9. A method in accordance with claim 4 , wherein less than 15% of said inter-chain disulfide bonds are converted to a pair of free thiols.
10. A method in accordance with claim 9 , wherein less than 10% of said inter-chain disulfide bonds are converted to a pair of free thiols.
11. A method in accordance with claim 5 , wherein less than 15% of said inter-chain disulfide bonds are converted to a pair of free thiols.
12. A method in accordance with claim 11 , wherein less than 10% of said inter-chain disulfide bonds are converted to a pair of free thiols.
13. A method in accordance with claim 7 , wherein less than 15% of said inter-chain disulfide bonds are converted to a pair of free thiols.
14. A method in accordance with claim 13 , wherein less than 10% of said inter-chain disulfide bonds are converted to a pair of free thiols.