Clinical goal treatment planning and optimization

1. An apparatus for developing an intensity-modulated radiation therapy treatment plan, the apparatus comprising:

a memory that stores machine instructions; and

a processor that executes the machine instructions to:

generate a cost function comprising a parameter value based on a plan objective;

identify a microstate that results in a reduced value associated with the cost function, wherein the reduced value iteratively converges on a resultant value of the cost function;

adjust a value associated with the parameter to improve a fulfillment level of a clinical goal associated with the plan objective; and

generate an intensity-modulated radiation therapy treatment plan based on the resultant value.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the parameter value comprises a machine parameter value.

3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the machine parameter value comprises at least one of a selected field geometry and a selected monitor unit (MU) limit.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the parameter value comprises an optimal fluence and wherein the resultant value is a minimum value.

5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the processor further executes the machine instructions to convert said optimal fluence to a leaf sequence and to reduce a margin defined by the clinical goal.

6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the processor further executes the machine instructions to:

estimate an initial value of the parameter value; and

adjust the parameter value by projecting a gradient to estimate a goal value at which the clinical goal is achieved.

7. A method of developing an intensity-modulated radiation therapy treatment plan, the method comprising:

determining a plurality of plan objectives based on a plurality of clinical goals;

generating a cost function incorporating the plurality of plan objectives, wherein the cost function comprises cost terms each comprising a respective parameter value corresponding to the plan objectives;

determining priority levels for the plurality of plan objectives;

identifying a microstate that results in a reduced value associated with the cost function, wherein the reduced value iteratively converges on a resultant value of the cost function;

adjusting parameter values of the cost terms based on to the microstate to improve a respective fulfillment level associated with the clinical goals according to the priority levels; and

generating an intensity-modulated radiation therapy treatment plan based on the plurality of parameter values.

8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the value of the cost function equals a sum of the cost terms.

9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the cost terms minimize the value of the cost function when the corresponding plan objectives are attained, and wherein the resultant value of the cost function is a minimum value.

10. The method of claim 7 , wherein the adjusting the parameter values of the cost terms comprises projecting a gradient associated with the cost terms to estimate a goal value at which the clinical goal is achieved.

11. The method of claim 7 , wherein the adjusting the parameter values of the cost terms comprises estimating a resultant response of a dose distribution associated with a prospective adjustment of the respective parameter value based on an extrapolation corresponding to a localized response of the dose distribution.

12. The method of claim 7 , further comprising assigning initial estimates to the plurality of parameter values based on an estimated dose distribution.

13. The method of claim 7 , further comprising receiving the clinical goals as user input.

14. The method of claim 7 , wherein the plurality of plan objectives are associated with a respective dose level corresponding to a point in a patient.

15. The method of claim 7 , wherein the plurality of parameter values are associated with one selected from the group consisting of: a machine parameter; a selected field geometry; and a selected monitor unit (MU) limit.

16. A computer program product for developing an intensity-modulated radiation therapy treatment plan, the computer program product comprising:

a non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium encoded with instructions adapted to be executed by a processor to implement a method of:

determining a plurality of plan objectives based on a plurality of clinical goals;

generating a cost function incorporating the plurality of plan objectives, wherein the cost function comprises cost terms each comprising a respective parameter value corresponding to the plurality of plan objectives;

determining priority levels for the plurality of plan objectives;

identifying a microstate that results in a reduced value associated with the cost function, wherein the reduced value iteratively converges on a resultant value of the cost function;

adjusting the plurality of parameter values based on to the microstate to improve a respective fulfillment level associated with the plurality of clinical goals according to the priority levels; and

generating an intensity-modulated radiation therapy treatment plan based on the plurality of parameter values.

17. The computer program product of claim 16 , wherein the value of the cost function equals a sum of the cost terms.

18. The computer program product of claim 17 , wherein the cost terms minimize the value of the cost function when the corresponding plan objectives are attained, and wherein the resultant value of the cost function is a minimum value.

19. The computer program product of claim 16 , wherein the adjusting the plurality of parameter values comprises projecting a gradient associated with the cost terms to estimate a goal value at which the clinical goal is achieved.

20. The computer program product of claim 16 , wherein the adjusting the plurality of parameter values comprises estimating a resultant response of a dose distribution associated with a prospective adjustment of the respective parameter value based on an extrapolation corresponding to a localized response of the dose distribution.