Methods and systems for lowering blood pressure through reduction of ventricle filling
Methods and devices for reducing ventricle filling volume are disclosed. In some embodiments, an electrical stimulator may be used to stimulate a patient's heart to reduce ventricle filling volume or even blood pressure. When the heart is stimulated in a consistent way to reduce blood pressure, the cardiovascular system may over time adapt to the stimulation and revert back to the higher blood pressure. In some embodiments, the stimulation pattern may be configured to be inconsistent such that the adaptation response of the heart is reduced or even prevented. In some embodiments, an electrical stimulator may be used to stimulate a patient's heart to cause at least a portion of an atrial contraction to occur while the atrioventricular valve is closed. Such an atrial contraction may deposit less blood into the corresponding ventricle than when the atrioventricular valve is opened throughout an atrial contraction.
1. A system for reducing blood pressure comprising:
at least one stimulation electrode for stimulating at least one chamber of a heart of a patient; and
at least one controller that executes a stimulation pattern comprising at least one stimulation pulse having at least one stimulation setting that reduces or prevents atrial kick in at least one ventricle of the heart,
wherein the at least one stimulation setting prevents at least one atrial contraction of the heart.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one stimulation setting causes an atrium of the heart to be at maximum contraction when an atrioventricular valve of the heart is open.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one stimulation setting comprises a first stimulation setting and a second stimulation setting, and
wherein the first stimulation setting has an atrioventricular delay different from an atrioventricular delay of the second stimulation setting.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one controller receives input relating to the patient's atrioventricular valve status, and adjusts the stimulation pattern based on the atrioventricular valve status.
5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the at least one controller adjusts the stimulation pattern by adjusting an atrioventricular delay of at least one stimulation pulse.
6. The system of claim 4 , wherein the input relating to the patient's atrioventricular valve status is indicative of timing of closure of the atrioventricular valve.
7. The system of claim 4 , wherein the input relating to the patient's atrioventricular valve status is provided based on a heart sound sensor.
8. The system of claim 4 , wherein the input relating to the patient's atrioventricular valve status is provided based on a blood flow sensor.
9. The system of claim 8 , wherein the blood flow sensor includes an implanted sensor.
10. The system of claim 8 , wherein the blood flow sensor includes an ultrasound sensor for sensing blood flow through the atrioventricular valve.
11. The system of claim 8 , wherein the blood flow sensor and the at least one controller are configured to operate at least partially as a closed loop.
12. The system of claim 1 , further comprising at least one blood pressure sensor that provides the at least one controller with feedback information relating to the patient's blood pressure,
wherein the at least one controller adjusts the stimulation pattern based on the feedback information relating to the patient's blood pressure, and
wherein the at least one controller and the at least one blood pressure sensor operate at least partially as a closed loop.
13. A method for reducing blood pressure comprising:
stimulating, through at least one stimulation electrode, at least one chamber of a heart of a patient; and
executing the stimulation using at least one controller, the stimulation providing a stimulation pattern comprising at least one stimulation pulse having at least one stimulation setting that reduces or prevents atrial kick in at least one ventricle of the heart,
wherein the at least one stimulation setting prevents at least one atrial contraction of the heart.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the at least one stimulation setting causes an atrium of the heart to be at maximum contraction when an atrioventricular valve of the heart is open.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the at least one stimulation setting comprises a first stimulation setting and a second stimulation setting, and
wherein the first stimulation setting has an atrioventricular delay different from an atrioventricular delay of the second stimulation setting.
16. The method of claim 13 , further comprising:
receiving, at the at least one controller, input relating to the patient's atrioventricular valve status; and
adjusting, using the at least one controller, the stimulation pattern based on the atrioventricular valve status.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein adjusting the stimulation pattern comprises adjusting an atrioventricular delay of at least one stimulation pulse.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein the input relating to the patient's atrioventricular valve status is indicative of timing of closure of the atrioventricular valve.
19. The method of claim 16 , wherein the input relating to the patient's atrioventricular valve status is received from a heart sound sensor.
20. The method of claim 16 , wherein the input relating to the patient's atrioventricular valve status is received from a blood flow sensor.
21. The method of claim 20 , further comprising operating the blood flow sensor and the at least one controller at least partially as a closed loop.
22. The method of claim 13 , further comprising:
receiving, at the at least one controller, feedback information relating to the patient's blood pressure input relating to the patient's atrioventricular valve status; and
adjusting, using the at least one controller, the stimulation pattern based on the feedback information relating to the patient's blood pressure.