Components and the manufacture thereof via welding with reduced alloy-depletion
Systems and methods form induction rotors by performing isostatic pressing (HIP) to weld clad to a shaft, which allows for scaling the manufacturing of solid steel rotors, as compared to conventional techniques. In examples, the rotors are designed for high-speed motors and may include recessed short circuit rings and/or end rings. An exemplary process molds an alloy powder into cladding such that heretofore unachievable rotor designs are achievable according to systems and methods described herein. In examples, a thin source-layer is introduced to welding zones, thereby enriching and strengthening the resulting joint at welding zones. The source-layer may be introduced by adding an intermediate layer comprising the source material between the materials being welded. The reduced alloy-depletion welding disclosed herein strengthens the welding area joints and provides for the manufacture of component designs, which were previously unachievable due to alloy-depletion weaknesses and environmental constraints.
1. A method of manufacturing a solid steel rotor comprising:
providing a solid steel rod having a variable diameter in a capsule, the steel rod having a surface comprising grooves formed along at least a portion of the surface;
machining the solid steel rod to include shoulders;
providing an alloy powder layer in the capsule positioned around select portions of the solid steel rod over the grooves and such that the alloy powder layer covers the shoulders of the solid steel rod, the powder layer comprising alloy material that is different from the steel of the solid steel rod;
placing steel end rings around the solid steel rod, the steel end rings located at opposite ends of the select portions of the alloy powder layer;
closing the capsule;
introducing the capsule into a hot isostatic pressing chamber; and
increasing pressure and temperature within the chamber causing:
the powder layer to compress into a cladding over the grooves of the solid steel rod, and
the cladding to weld to the solid steel rod, wherein the cladding forms recessed short circuit rings on the solid steel rod.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the powder layer is positioned at least in the grooves.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the increasing pressure and temperature within the chamber further causes the steel end rings to weld to the solid steel rod and the cladding the steel end rings increasing the structural integrity of the solid steel rod.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the capsule is a mold, and wherein the increasing pressure and temperature within the chamber further causes the alloy powder layer to compress into a cladding shaped according to the mold.
5. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
providing an intermediate layer between the solid steel rod and the alloy powder layer at a welding zone.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the intermediate layer comprises at least some material that is the same of the solid steel rod.
7. The method of claim 5 , wherein providing an intermediate layer comprises:
doping a surface of the solid steel rod.
8. The method of claim 5 , wherein the intermediate layer diffuses into the solid steel rod and the powder layer.
9. A method of manufacturing an electro-magnetic rotor comprising:
filling a capsule with a solid rod comprising a first alloy, the solid rod having shoulders, wherein the first alloy comprises a first material and wherein the solid rod comprises a surface having grooves formed along at least a portion of the surface, a second alloy that accumulates the first material in the grooves of the solid rod when welded to the first alloy, the second alloy covering the shoulders of the solid rod and forming recessed short circuit rings on the solid rod, and a source-layer at one or more welding zones of the first alloy and the second alloy, wherein the source-layer comprises the first material;
placing end rings around the solid rod, the end rings located at opposite ends of the second alloy, the end rings comprising the first material and configured to increase the structural integrity of the solid rod;
enclosing the capsule around the first alloy, the second alloy, the end rings, and the source-layer; and
welding the first alloy and the second alloy at the one or more welding zones of the first alloy and the second alloy inside a hot isostatic pressing chamber.