Polycrystalline diamond compacts including a cemented carbide substrate and applications therefor
Embodiments relate to a polycrystalline diamond compact (“PDC”) including a polycrystalline diamond (“PCD”) table having at least two regions and being bonded to a fine grained cemented tungsten carbide substrate. In an embodiment, a PDC includes a cemented carbide substrate having a cobalt-containing cementing constituent cementing tungsten carbide grains together that exhibit an average grain size of about 1.5 μm or less, and a PCD table having at least one upper region including diamond grains exhibiting an upper average grain size and at least one lower region adjacent to the upper region a lower average grain size that may be at least two times greater than the upper average grain size. The cemented carbide substrate includes an interfacial surface and a depletion zone depleted of the cementing constituent that extends inwardly from the interfacial surface to a depth of, for example, about 30 μm to about 60 μm.
1. A rotary drill bit, comprising:
a bit body including a leading end structure configured to facilitate drilling a subterranean formation; and
a plurality of cutting elements mounted to the bit body, at least one of the plurality of cutting elements including:
a polycrystalline diamond table including:
at least one lower region including a plurality of bonded diamond grains exhibiting a lower average grain size; and
at least one upper region including a plurality of bonded diamond grains exhibiting an upper average grain size, the lower average grain size of the at least one lower region being greater than that of the upper average grain size of the at least one upper region; and
a cemented carbide substrate including a cementing constituent cementing a plurality of tungsten carbide grains together wherein the plurality of tungsten carbide grains exhibit an average tungsten carbide grain size of about 2.5 μm or less, the cemented carbide substrate including an interfacial surface bonded to the lower region of the polycrystalline diamond table wherein the interfacial surface includes abnormal grain growth on 5% or less of the total surface area thereof.
2. The rotary drill bit of claim 1 wherein the lower average grain size of the at least one lower region is at least two times greater than that of the upper average grain size of the at least one upper region.
3. The rotary drill bit of claim 1 wherein at least an unleached portion of at least one of the at least one lower region or the at least one upper region exhibits:
a coercivity of about 115 Oersteds or more;
a specific magnetic saturation of about 15 Gauss·cm 3 /grams or less; and
a cementing constituent content of about 7.5 weight % or less.
4. The rotary drill bit of claim 1 wherein the average tungsten carbide grain size is about 0.8 μm to about 1.5 μm.
5. The rotary drill bit of claim 1 wherein the cemented carbide substrate further includes a depletion zone that extends inwardly from the interfacial surface to a depth of about 30 μm to about 60 μm.
6. The rotary drill bit of claim 5 wherein the depletion zone exhibits a depletion zone Palmquist fracture toughness of about 6 MPa·m 0.5 to about 9 MPa·m 0.5 , and wherein the single cemented carbide substrate exhibits a bulk Palmquist fracture toughness away from the depletion zone of about 6 MPa·m 0.5 to about 12 MPa·m 0.5 .
7. The rotary drill bit of claim 5 wherein the cementing constituent is present in the depletion zone in a concentration that is about 20% to about 40% of the bulk concentration of the cementing constituent in the cemented carbide substrate outside the depletion zone.
8. The rotary drill bit of claim 1 wherein the cemented carbide substrate exhibits a transverse rupture strength of about 460 ksi to about 550 ksi.
9. The rotary drill bit of claim 1 wherein the cemented carbide substrate exhibits a hardness of about 89.0 HRa to about 92 HRa.
10. The rotary drill bit of claim 1 wherein the cemented carbide substrate exhibits a first average corrosion pit width when exposed to 10% hydrochloric acid for about 24 hours that is about ⅕ times or less than a second average corrosion pit width of a cemented carbide substrate having an average tungsten carbide grain size of about 3 μm.
11. The rotary drill bit of claim 1 wherein the cemented carbide substrate is brazed to the bit body and the cemented carbide substrate does not exhibit braze cracking.
12. The rotary drill bit of claim 1 wherein the rotary drill bit is configured as a core bit, a roller-cone bit, a fixed-cutter bit, an eccentric bit, a bicenter bit, a reamer, or reamer wings.
13. A rotary drill bit, comprising:
a bit body including a leading end structure configured to facilitate drilling a subterranean formation; and
a plurality of cutting elements mounted to the bit body, at least one of the plurality of cutting elements including:
a polycrystalline diamond table including:
at least one lower region including a plurality of bonded diamond grains exhibiting a lower average grain size that is at least about 50 μm; and
at least one upper region including a plurality of bonded diamond grains exhibiting an upper average grain size that is less than 40 μm; and
a cemented carbide substrate including a cobalt-containing cementing constituent cementing a plurality of tungsten carbide grains together that exhibit an average tungsten carbide grain size that is less than about 2.5 μm, the cemented carbide substrate including an interfacial surface bonded to the lower region of the polycrystalline diamond table wherein the interfacial surface includes abnormal grain growth on 5% or less of the total surface area thereof.
14. The rotary drill bit of claim 13 wherein at least an unleached portion of at least one of the at least one lower region or the at least one upper region exhibits:
a coercivity of about 115 Oersteds or more;
a specific magnetic saturation of about 15 Gauss·cm 3 /grams or less; and
a cementing constituent content of about 7.5 weight % or less.
15. The rotary drill bit of claim 13 wherein the cemented carbide substrate further includes a depletion zone that extends inwardly from the interfacial surface to a depth of about 30 μm to about 60 μm.
16. The rotary drill bit of claim 13 wherein the cemented carbide substrate exhibits a transverse rupture strength of about 460 ksi to about 550 ksi.
17. The rotary drill bit of claim 13 wherein the cemented carbide substrate exhibits a hardness of about 89.0 HRa to about 92 HRa.
18. A rotary drill bit, comprising:
a bit body including a leading end structure configured to facilitate drilling a subterranean formation; and
a plurality of cutting elements mounted to the bit body, at least one of the plurality of cutting elements including:
a polycrystalline diamond table including:
at least one lower region including a plurality of bonded diamond grains exhibiting a lower average grain size; and
at least one upper region including a plurality of bonded diamond grains exhibiting an upper average grain size, the lower average grain size of the at least one lower region being greater than that of the upper average grain size of the at least one upper region; and
a cemented carbide substrate including a cobalt-containing cementing constituent cementing a plurality of tungsten carbide grains together, the cemented carbide substrate including an interfacial surface bonded to the lower region of the polycrystalline diamond table, the cemented carbide substrate including a depletion zone that extends inwardly from the interfacial surface to a depth of about 30 μm to about 40 μm.
19. The rotary drill bit of claim 18 wherein the interfacial surface of the cemented carbide substrate includes abnormal grain growth on 5% or less of the total surface area thereof.