Non-line of sight wireless communication system and method
A non-line of sight backhaul system and method are described that provides self-alignment of the antennas beams of the wireless radios of the system, that provides robust operation in licensed and unlicensed frequency bands, that facilitates the use of a reduced number of frequency channels from M to 1 and that enables operation in a non-line of sight (NLOS) propagation environment.
1. A wireless communication system, comprising:
a communication link having a first end and a second end that communicate over reciprocal radio frequency channels, the communication link having at least two radios at each end of the communication link, each radio having a transmit beamformer bank and a receive beamformer bank; and
at least one transmit beamformer bank at each end of the communication link and at least one receive beamformer bank at each end of the communication link exchanging data with each other to transmit data over the communication link;
wherein each beamformer bank is a set of beamformers and each beamformer is configured to process a section of a frequency band of the communication link wherein each section is a subband of the frequency band and two or more subbands span the frequency band,
wherein at least one transmit beamformer of the transmit beamformer bank is configured to use one or more transmit beamforming weights to perform transmit beamforming,
wherein at least one receive beamformer of the receive beamformer bank is configured to use one or more receive beamforming weights to perform receive beamforming,
wherein at least one weight of the one or more transmit beamforming weights and the one or more receive beamforming weights is a complex weight comprising a phase and an amplitude, the at least one weight being specific to a subcarrier, and
wherein the at least one transmit beamforming weight is determined based on a scaled complex conjugate of a respective receive beamforming weight.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the communication link has the first end and the second end and wherein at least one transmit beamformer bank at the first end of the communication link generates a beam pattern and at least one receive beamformer bank at the second end of the communication link receives the beam pattern to optimize the transmission of data over the communication link.
3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the at least one transmit beamformer bank at the second end of the communication link transmits a beam pattern, based on the one or more receive beamforming weights, to the at least one receive beamformer bank at the first end of the communication link.
4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the at least one transmit beamformer bank at the first end of the communication link generates a beam pattern, based on the one or more receive beamforming weights, to the at least one receive beamformer bank at the second end of the communication link.
5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the transmit and receive beamformer banks optimize the communication link in the presence of same frequency interference from other sectors where two or more concentrating nodes are co-located together where a sector represents the radio coverage of a field of view.
6. The system of claim 4 , wherein the transmit and receive beamformer banks optimize the communication link in the presence of same frequency interference from other concentrating radio sites where two or more concentrating radios sites are in a same geographical area where they are close enough to cause intercell interference.
7. The system of claim 4 , wherein the transmit and receive beamformer banks optimize the communication link and in combination with a power control algorithm converges a theoretical optimal capacity while minimizing an overall transmit power.
8. The system of claim 4 further comprising a power control process associated with radios and wherein the transmit and receive beamformer banks and the power control process maximizes a capacity of the communication link while using only local pilots/reference signals available at the local receivers.
9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the communication link has a first end and a second end and wherein the radio at the first end of the communication link is a concentrating node and the radio at the second end of the communication link is an end node.
10. The system of claim 9 , wherein the transmit beamformer bank of the concentration radio generates a downlink data signal and the receive beamformer bank of the concentration radio receives an uplink data signal.
11. The system of claim 9 further comprising a plurality of receive beamforming banks and a plurality of transmit beamforming banks at each concentrating node and a plurality of receive beamforming banks and a plurality of transmit beamforming banks at each end node wherein a plurality of independent data streams are communicated across the communication link simultaneously for a termination node for a plurality of subscribers associated with the end node, wherein each data stream is transmitted in the presence of other data streams at a same frequency where the interference from the other data streams is removed by inference cancellation.
12. The system of claim 1 , wherein the transmit and receive beamformer banks optimize the uplink communication link despite interference in the communication link.
13. The system of claim 1 , wherein the transmit and receive beamformer banks optimize the downlink communication link despite multipath in the communication link.
14. The system of claim 1 , wherein the transmit and receive beamformer banks optimize the communication link using pilot signals and/or reference signals with or without data.
15. The system of claim 1 further comprising a plurality of receive beamforming banks at each end of the communication link and a plurality of transmit beamforming banks at each end of the communication link so that a plurality of independent data streams are simultaneously communicated across the communication link, wherein each data stream is transmitted in the presence of other data streams at same frequency where an interference from the other data streams is removed by inference cancellation.
16. The system of claim 1 where each end of the communication link's transmit and receive beamformers, within the beamformer filter bank, self aligns transmit and receive antenna patterns to optimize link performance per subband and subzone.
17. The system of claim 16 , wherein a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) is adjusted via downshifting or upshifting to match requirements as determined by a signal to noise ratio and/or signal to interference and noise ratio.
18. The system of claim 1 , wherein beams and nulls of each subband may be directed and optimized for different end nodes.
19. The system of claim 1 where beams and nulls of each subzones may be directed and optimized for different end nodes.
20. The system of claim 1 where the beams and nulls of each combination of subband and subzone may be directed and optimized for different end nodes.
21. The system of claim 1 where the beams and nulls of each combination of subband and subzone may be directed and optimized for different end nodes by a scheduler in a media access controller (MAC).
22. The claim of 20 , wherein the beams and nulls of each combination of subband and subzone may be directed and optimized for different end nodes by the scheduler in the media access controller (MAC) according to end node Quality of Service (QoS).
23. The claim of 1 , wherein the beams and nulls of each combination of subband and subzone may be directed and optimized for different end nodes by the media access controller (MAC) according to QoS as adjusted by any downshifting required to meet QoS in a presence of other node interference.
24. The system of claim 1 where an end node is attached to client devices such as WiFi access points, Ethernet switches, routers, or other client devices implementing backhaul for Ethernet drop applications.
25. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one transmit beamformer bank of a first radio of the at least two radios is configured to determine a first set of transmit beamforming weights to optimize the communication link to benefit a receiver in a second radio of the at least two radios.
26. The system of claim 25 , wherein the at least one receive beamformer bank of the second radio is configured to determine a first set of receive beamforming weights after the first set of transmit beamforming weights have been determined, wherein the first set of receive beamforming weights is configured to optimize the communication link to benefit a receiver in the first radio.
27. The system of claim 1 , wherein the transmit beamforming weights and the receive beamforming weights are determined sequentially based on alternating transmission and receipt of data between the at least two radios.
28. The system of claim 1 , wherein a radio at the first end and a radio at the second end are configured to perform weight adaptation iteratively for the at least one weight of the transmit beamforming weights and the receive beamforming weights.
29. The system of claim 28 , wherein concentrator backhaul radios (CBRs) and terminating backhaul radios (TBRs) at each end of the communication link are configured to sequentially perform the weight adaptation.
30. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one transmit beamforming weight is further determined based on determining a phase tilt and an amplitude tilt of the respective receive beamforming weight, and wherein the phase tilt and the amplitude tilt is specific to each subcarrier in the subband.
31. A wireless communication system, comprising:
a communication link having a first end and a second end that communicate over reciprocal radio frequency channels, the communication link having at least two radios at each end of the communication link, each radio having a transmit beamformer bank and a receive beamformer bank; and
at least one transmit beamformer bank at each end of the communication link and at least one receive beamformer bank at each end of the communication link that exchange data with each other to transmit data over the communication link;
wherein each beamformer bank is a set of beamformers and each beamformer is configured to process a section of a frequency band of the communication link wherein each section is a subband of the frequency band and two or more subbands span the frequency band,
wherein at least one transmit beamformer of the transmit beamformer bank is configured to use one or more receive beamforming weights to perform transmit beamforming, and wherein at least one receive beamformer of the receive beamformer bank is configured to use the one or more receive beamforming weights to perform receive beamforming,
wherein at least one of the one or more receive beamforming weights and at least one weight of the one or more transmit beamforming weights is a complex weight comprising a phase and an amplitude, and being specific to a subcarrier, and
wherein the at least one of the one or more transmit beamforming weights is based at least on a scaled complex conjugate of a respective receive beamforming weight.
32. The system of claim 31 , wherein the radio at the first end of the communication link is a concentrating node and the radio at the second end of the communication link is an end node and each beamformer bank generates M CN , M TN spatial beams and spatial nulls where the M CN is a number of antennas at the concentrating node and the M TN is a number of antennas at the end node and a sum of spatial nulls and the spatial beams is equal to M antennas where M is also called degrees of freedom (DOF) of an antenna array.
33. The system of claim 32 , wherein if M CN is at least two and if M TN is at least two and a number of data streams is a least two, then by distributing the DOFs between the two ends of the communication link to provide further optimization of a link performance in the presence of non-line of sight propagation and co-channel interference.
34. The system of claim 33 that have a minimum interference cancellation capability bounded by the sum of M CN −1 and M TN −1.
35. The system of claim 33 that has an interference cancellation capability are bounded by the product of M CN −1 and M TN −1.
36. The system of claim 33 , wherein each end of the communication link requires O(M 3 ) arithmetic computations, wherein distributing the arithmetic computations among the concentrating node and end nodes results in network capacity optimality while distributing computation complexity among all nodes, results in significant realizability.
37. The system of 36 , wherein DM-MIMO provides additional capacity and link speed gains relative to conventional Massive MIMO schemes.
38. The system of claim 33 , wherein the system achieves a theoretical maximum imbedded cellular capacity of a wireless network given a target SINR and one or more DM-MIMO parameters.
39. The system of claim 33 , wherein the transmit and receive beamformer banks optimize the communication link using pilot signals and/or reference signals with or without data.
40. The system of claim 32 , wherein the transmit and receive beamformer banks optimize the communication link in the presence of same frequency interference from other sectors where two or more concentrating nodes are co-located together.
41. The system of claim 32 , wherein the transmit and receive beamformer banks optimize the communication link in the presence of same frequency interference from other concentrating radio sites where two or more concentrating radios sites are in a same geographical area where they are close enough to cause intercell interference.
42. The system of claim 32 further comprising a plurality of receive beamforming banks and a plurality of transmit beamforming banks at each concentrating node and a plurality of receive beamforming banks and a plurality of transmit beamforming banks at each end node wherein a plurality of independent data streams are communicated across the communication link simultaneously for the end nodes for a plurality of subscribers associated with the end nodes, wherein each data stream is transmitted in the presence of other data streams at a same frequency where an interference from the other data streams is removed by inference cancellation.
43. The system of claim 31 , wherein the transmit and receive beamformer banks optimize the communication link and in combination with a power control algorithm converges a theoretical optimal capacity while minimizing an overall transmit power.
44. The system of claim 31 further comprising a plurality of receive beamforming banks at each end of the communication link and a plurality of transmit beamforming banks at each end of the communication link so that a plurality of independent data streams are simultaneously communicated across the communication link, wherein each data stream is transmitted in the presence of other data streams at same frequency where an interference from the other data streams is removed by inference cancellation.
45. The system of claim 44 , wherein the streams are localized to an orthogonal polarization of vertical and horizontal antenna elements, and wherein interference cancellation separates two data streams from interference of other streams.
46. The system of claim 45 , wherein the streams are allocated equally across all vertical and horizontal polarizations and wherein the interference cancellation separates the two data streams from the interference of the other stream resulting in the optimal link rate and overall network capacity.
47. The system of claim 31 further comprising a power control process associated with radios and wherein the transmit and receive beamformer banks and the power control process maximizes a capacity of the communication link while using local pilots/reference signals available at the local receivers.
48. The system of claim 31 , wherein a radio at the first end and a radio at the second end are configured to perform weight adaptation iteratively for the at least one of the one or more transmit beamforming weights and the at least one or more receive beamforming weights.
49. The system of claim 48 , wherein concentrator backhaul radios (CBRs) and terminating backhaul radios (TBRs) at each end of the communication link are configured to sequentially perform the weight adaptation.
50. The system of claim 31 , wherein the at least one of the one or more transmit beamforming weights is further determined based on determining a phase tilt and an amplitude tilt of the respective receive beamforming weight, and wherein the phase tilt and the amplitude tilt is specific to each subcarrier in the subband.