Process to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides and mercury from coal-fired boilers
A flue gas additive is provided that includes both a nitrogenous component to reduce gas phase nitrogen oxides and a halogen-containing component to oxidize gas phase elemental mercury.
1. A method of forming a treated combustion feed material comprising:
providing a combustion feed material comprising coal; and
contacting the combustion feed material with an additive to form a treated combustion feed material, wherein the additive comprises a nitrogenous material that forms ammonia when combusted and a halogen containing material that forms a gas-phase halogen when combusted.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nitrogenous material comprises at least one of an amine and an amide and wherein the additive is a free flowing particulate composition having a P 80 size ranging from about 6 to about 20 mesh (Tyler).
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nitrogenous material comprises at least one of an amine and an amide and wherein the nitrogenous material is supported by a particulate substrate, the particulate substrate being one or more of the combustion feed material, a zeolite, a porous metal silicate material, a clay, an activated carbon, char, graphite, flyash, a metal, and a metal oxide.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nitrogenous material comprises urea.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein a halogen in the halogen-containing material is one or more of iodine and bromine.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nitrogenous material is encapsulated with a coating comprising one or more of a silane, a siloxane, an organosilane, and an amorphous silica to impede thermal degradation and/or decomposition of the nitrogenous material.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the treated combustion feed material comprises from about 0.05 to about 1 wt. % of the additive with the remainder being the coal and wherein the treated combustion feed material comprises a mass ratio of nitrogen:halogen from the additive ranging from about 1:1 to about 2400:1.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nitrogenous material is at least one of an amine and an amide and wherein the coal is at least one of a high alkali coal, a high iron coal, and a high sulfur coal.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nitrogenous material comprises one or more of an amine and an amide and further comprises a binder to adhere or bind the nitrogenous material to the coal particles, wherein the binder is one or more of a wax, a wax derivative, a gum, and a gum derivative.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the additive is one or more of a liquid or a slurry and the contacting step comprises spaying the additive onto the combustion feed material.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the additive is a solid and the contacting step comprises one or more of mixing, stirring, tumbling, and crushing the additive with the combustion feed material to obtain a substantially homogeneous distribution of the additive throughout the treated combustion feed material.
12. A method comprising:
contacting a combustion feed material with an additive composition to form a combined combustion feed material, the additive composition comprising a nitrogenous material encapsulated with a coating comprising one or more of a silane, a siloxane, an organosilane, an amorphous silica, and clay; and
combusting the combined combustion feed material to form an off-gas comprising a nitrogen oxide and a derivative of the nitrogenous material, the derivative of the nitrogenous material causing removal of at least a portion of the nitrogen oxide.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the nitrogenous material comprises at least one of an amine and an amide and wherein the coating impedes thermal degradation and/or decomposition of the nitrogenous material in a combustion zone.
14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the nitrogenous material is supported by a particulate substrate, the particulate substrate being one or more of the combustion feed material, a zeolite, a porous metal silicate material, a clay, an activated carbon, char, graphite, flyash, a metal, and a metal oxide.
15. The method of claim 12 , wherein the nitrogenous material comprises one or more of an amine and an amide and further comprises a binder to adhere or bind the nitrogenous material to coal particles, wherein the binder is one or more of a wax, a wax derivative, a gum, and a gum derivative.
16. The method of claim 12 , wherein the combustion feed material comprises mercury, wherein the additive further comprises a halogen containing material and wherein a mass ratio of nitrogen:halogen from the additive ranges from about 1:1 to about 2400:1.
17. The method of claim 12 , wherein the combined feed material comprises from about 0.05 to about 1 wt. % of the additive with the remainder being coal and wherein the coal is at least one of a high alkali coal, a high iron coal, and a high sulfur coal.
18. The method of claim 12 , wherein the nitrogenous material comprises at least one of an amine and an amide and wherein the additive is a free flowing particulate composition having a P 80 size ranging from about 6 to about 20 mesh (Tyler).
19. A combined combustion feed material comprising coal and an additive, the additive comprising a nitrogenous material encapsulated with a coating comprising one or more of a silane, a siloxane, an organosilane, an amorphous silica, and clay.
20. A combined combustion feed material of claim 19 , wherein the nitrogenous material is supported by a particulate substrate, the particulate substrate being one or more of the combustion feed material, a zeolite, a porous metal silicate material, a clay, an activated carbon, char, graphite, flyash, a metal, and a metal oxide.
21. A combined combustion feed material of claim 19 , wherein the nitrogenous material comprises one or more of an amine and an amide and further comprises a binder to adhere or bind the nitrogenous material to the coal particles, wherein the binder is one or more of a wax, a wax derivative, a gum, and a gum derivative.
22. A combined combustion feed material of claim 19 , wherein the combustion feed material comprises mercury, wherein the additive further comprises a halogen containing material and wherein a mass ratio of nitrogen:halogen from the additive ranges from about 1:1 to about 2400:1.
23. A combined combustion feed material of claim 19 , wherein the combined feed material comprises from about 0.05 to about 1 wt. % of the additive with the remainder being the coal and wherein the coal is at least one of a high alkali coal, a high iron coal, and a high sulfur coal.
24. A combined combustion feed material of claim 19 , wherein the combined feed material comprises from about 0.05 to about 1 wt. % of the additive with the remainder being the coal and wherein the coal is at least one of a high alkali coal, a high iron coal, and a high sulfur coal.