On-board vehicle hydrogen generation and use in exhaust streams
An integrated vehicle on-board system configured to generate hydrogen and to introduce the generated hydrogen into an exhaust gas stream of an internal combustion engine, the system including a water-splitting article configured to split water into hydrogen and oxygen and a hydrogen injection article configured to introduce the hydrogen into the exhaust gas stream, is effective for the abatement of carbon monoxide and/or hydrocarbons and/or nitrogen oxides. The introduction of hydrogen may be intermittent and/or during a cold-start period.
1. A vehicle on-board system comprising:
a water-splitting article configured to split water into hydrogen and oxygen; and
a hydrogen injection article configured to inject or release the generated hydrogen into the exhaust gas stream;
wherein the water-splitting article comprises a photochemical cell.
2. The vehicle on-board system of claim 1 , further comprising a water collection article configured to collect and/or store water, wherein the water collection article is associated with the water-splitting article.
3. The vehicle on-board system of claim 2 , further comprising a condenser configured to condense atmospheric water, wherein the water collection article is configured to collect and/or store the condensed atmospheric water.
4. The vehicle on-board system of claim 2 , further comprising a heating article associated with the water collection article and the water-splitting article, the heating article configured to convert collected and/or stored water to steam.
5. The vehicle on-board system of claim 4 , wherein the water-splitting article is configured to split steam into hydrogen and oxygen.
6. The vehicle on-board system of claim 1 , further comprising a battery associated with the water-splitting article.
7. The vehicle on-board system of claim 1 , further comprising a hydrogen collection article configured to collect hydrogen, wherein the hydrogen collection article is associated with the water-splitting article.
8. The vehicle on-board system of claim 7 , further comprising a hydrogen storage article associated with the hydrogen collection article and configured to store hydrogen.
9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the hydrogen injection article is downstream of and in fluid communication with an internal combustion engine, is in fluid communication with an oxidation catalyst, and is configured to introduce hydrogen intermittently on-demand upstream of the oxidation catalyst.
10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system is integrated with a vehicle electronic management system.
11. The system of claim 1 , configured to inject or release hydrogen into an exhaust gas stream with a temperature of ≤150° C.
12. A method for on-board vehicle generation of hydrogen, the method comprising:
collecting water with a water collection article configured to collect and/or store water;
splitting water with a water-splitting article associated with the water collection article and configured to split water into hydrogen and oxygen, wherein the water-splitting article comprises a photochemical cell;
collecting hydrogen with a hydrogen collection article associated with the water-splitting article and configured to collect hydrogen;
storing hydrogen with a hydrogen storage article associated with the hydrogen collection article and configured to store hydrogen; and
introducing the stored hydrogen into an exhaust gas stream of an internal combustion engine with a hydrogen injection article associated with the hydrogen storage article and configured to inject or release stored hydrogen into the exhaust gas stream of an internal combustion engine.
13. A vehicle comprising the system of claim 1 .
14. A method for on-board vehicle generation of hydrogen, the method comprising:
heating water to form steam and routing the steam to a water-splitting article, wherein the water-splitting article is configured to split steam into hydrogen and oxygen;
splitting the steam into hydrogen and oxygen in the water-splitting article;
collecting the hydrogen; and, optionally,
storing the hydrogen in a hydrogen storage article.
15. The method of claim 14 , further comprising collecting water from the atmosphere with a condenser.
16. The method of claim 14 , comprising splitting the steam into hydrogen and oxygen electrochemically in an electrolytic cell.
17. The method of claim 14 , further comprising introducing the hydrogen into an exhaust gas stream of an internal combustion engine.
18. The method of claim 12 , further comprising generating and/or introducing hydrogen into an exhaust gas stream of an internal combustion engine upon instructions from a vehicle electronic management system.
19. A vehicle on-board system comprising:
a water-splitting article configured to split steam into hydrogen and oxygen;
a water collection article configured to collect and/or store water, wherein the water collection article is associated with the water-splitting article;
a heating article associated with the water collection article and the water-splitting article, the heating article configured to convert collected and/or stored water to steam; and
a hydrogen injection article configured to inject or release the generated hydrogen into the exhaust gas stream.
20. The vehicle on-board system of claim 19 , wherein the water-splitting article comprises an electrolytic cell.
21. The vehicle on-board system of claim 19 , wherein the water-splitting article comprises a photochemical cell.