Control of conductivity in anaerobic fermentation
Process are provided which are effective for controlling medium conductivity during fermentation of a CO-containing gaseous substrate while providing an STY of about 10 g ethanol/(L·day) or more. The process includes balancing medium conductivity, specific carbon uptake or cell density levels.
1. A process for fermentation of a CO-containing gaseous substrate, the process comprising:
introducing the CO-containing gaseous substrate into a reactor vessel that includes a fermentation medium and fermenting the CO-containing gaseous substrate with one or more acetogenic bacteria;
wherein the fermentation medium includes a nitrogen source selected from the group consisting of ammonium hydroxide, ammonium acetate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate and mixtures thereof in an amount effective for providing a conductivity of about 30 mS/cm or less,
wherein the process is effective for maintaining a space time yield (STY) of about 10 g ethanol/(L·day) or more.
2. The fermentation process of claim 1 wherein the syngas has a CO/CO 2 ratio of about 0.75 or more.
3. The fermentation process of claim 1 wherein the acetogenic bacteria is selected from the group consisting of Acetogenium kivui, Acetoanaerobium noterae, Acetobacterium woodii, Blautia producta, Butyribacterium methylotrophicum, Caldanaerobacter subterraneous, Caldanaerobacter subterraneous pacificus, Carboxydothermus hydrogenoformans, Clostridium aceticum, Clostridium acetobutylicum, Clostridium autoethanogenum Clostridium coskatii (ATCC PTA-10522), Clostridium drakei, Clostridium ljungdahlii PETC (ATCC 49587), Clostridium ljungdahlii ERI2 (ATCC 55380), Clostridium ljungdahlii C-01 (ATCC 55988), Clostridium ljungdahlii O-52 (ATCC 55889), Clostridium magnum, Clostridium pasteurianum (DSM 525 of DSMZ Germany), Clostridium ragsdali P11 (ATCC BAA-622), Clostridium scatologenes, Clostridium thermoaceticum, Clostridium ultunense, Desulfotomaculum kuznetsovii, Eubacterium limosum, Geobacter sulfurreducens, Methanosarcina acetivorans, Methanosarcina barkeri, Morrella thermoacetica, Morrella thermoautotrophica, Oxobacter pfennigii, Peptostreptococcus productus, Ruminococcus productus , and Thermoanaerobacter kivui.
4. The fermentation process of claim 1 wherein the process is effective for providing a cell density of about 2.0 g/L or more.
5. The fermentation process of claim 1 wherein the process is effective for providing a CO conversion of about 5 to about 99%.