External trigeminal nerve stimulation for the acute non-invasive treatment of migraine attacks

1. A system for the acute non-invasive treatment of a migraine attack of a patient, the system comprising:

at least one skin electrode configured for placement on a forehead of the patient,

wherein the system is configured to provide consecutive biphasic electrical pulses via the at least one skin electrode for a prolonged time span, the prolonged time span is at least 10 minutes, wherein the system is configured for providing the consecutive biphasic electrical pulses at a frequency of at least 60 Hz and at most 300 Hz, each of the consecutive biphasic electrical pulses comprises a width of at least 30 microseconds and at most 1000 microseconds, and

wherein the system is configured for linearly increasing the amplitude of the consecutive biphasic electrical pulses during a first portion of the time span up to a preconfigured upper amplitude that is maintained during a second subsequent portion of the time span, the preconfigured upper amplitude is at least 1 mA and at most 50 mA.

2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the biphasic electrical pulses are approximately rectangular biphasic symmetrical pulses with a zero electrical mean.

3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the time span is at least 25 minutes.

4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the time span is at least 45 minutes.

5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system is configured to provide the consecutive biphasic electrical pulses at a frequency of at least 80 Hz and at most 300 Hz.

6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system is configured to provide the consecutive biphasic electrical pulses at a frequency of about 100 Hz, wherein about encompasses variations of +/−20% or less of and from the specified value.

7. The system of claim 1 , wherein each of the consecutive biphasic electrical pulses comprises a width of about 250 microseconds wherein about encompass variations of +/−20% or less of and from the specified value.

8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the preconfigured upper amplitude is at least 6 mA and at most 50 mA.

9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the preconfigured upper amplitude is about 16 mA, wherein about encompass variations of +/−20% or less of and from the specified value.

10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first portion of the time span is at least 1 minute and at most 30 minutes.

11. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first portion of the time span is about 14 minutes, wherein about encompasses variations of +/−20% or less of and from the specified value.

12. The system of claim 1 , wherein the linear amplitude increase during the first portion of the time span comprises a slope of at least 1.6 μA/s and at most 833 μA/s.

13. The system of claim 1 , wherein the linear amplitude increase during the first portion of the time span comprises a slope of at least 8 μA/s and at most 83 μA/s.

14. The system of claim 1 further comprising a patient-pushable button, wherein, upon pushing the button during the time span, the system is configured to maintain the provided biphasic pulse amplitude at or prior to the time of the pushing of the button throughout the remainder of the time span.

15. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one skin electrode comprises a bipolar self-adhesive electrode.

16. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one skin electrode is configured to stimulate the supratrochlear and supraorbital nerves of the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve of the patient, and wherein the system is configured for transcutaneous transmission of consecutive biphasic electrical pulses via the at least one skin electrode to the supratrochlear and supraorbital nerves of the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve of the patient for the prolonged time span.

17. The system of claim 1 further comprising a power-providing device configured to receive at least one battery, the power-providing device having two metallic contacts that are positioned in electrical contact with the at least one skin electrode, and wherein the power-providing device is configured to be placed in stable contact with the at least one skin electrode such that the system with the power-providing device and the at least one skin electrode is portable.

18. A method for the acute non-invasive treatment of a migraine attack of a patient, the method comprising:

transcutaneously transmitting consecutive biphasic electrical pulses to the supratrochlear and supraorbital nerves of the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve of the patient, the consecutive biphasic electrical pulses having a frequency of at least 10 Hz and at most 300 Hz, each of the consecutive biphasic electrical pulses having a width of at least 30 microseconds and at most 1000 microseconds, the consecutive biphasic electrical pulses having a prolonged time span of at least 10 minutes, the consecutive biphasic electrical pulses having a linear amplitude increase during a first portion of the time span up to a preconfigured upper amplitude that is maintained during a second subsequent portion of the time span, and the preconfigured upper amplitude is at least 1 mA and at most 50 mA.

19. The method of claim 18 further comprising:

placing at least one skin electrode on a forehead of the patient, wherein the at least one skin electrode comprises a bipolar self-adhesive electrode; and

providing the consecutive biphasic electrical pulses via the at least one skin electrode to the supratrochlear and the supraorbital nerves for the prolonged time span.