Curable compositions and uses thereof
Curable compositions having desirable attributes such as rapid curing rates and enhanced physical properties are prepared using admixtures of one or more (meth)acrylate-functionalized compounds and one or more reactive comonomers, such as 1,1-diester-1-alkenes (e.g., methylene malonates), 1,1-diketo-1-alkenes, 1-ester-1-keto-1-alkenes and/or icatonates.
1. A curable composition comprising
a) at least one comonomer having structure R a R b C═CHR c , wherein R a and R b are the same as or different from each other and are selected from —C(═O) XR d and —C(═O)R f , wherein X is O or NR′, wherein R 1 is H or an organic group, wherein R c is H or methyl or ethyl and R d is H, alkali metal, or an organic group, and R f is an organic group; or wherein R d and R f are taken together with the atoms to which they are bound to form a ring; and
b) at least one (meth)acrylate-functionalized compound.
2. The curable composition of claim 1 , wherein each R d and R f is independently selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an cycloalkyl group, a heterocyclyl group, an alkyl heterocyclyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, an alkaryl group, a heteroaryl group, an alkheteroaryl group, an oxyalkylene group or a polyoxyalkylene group, which is substituted or unsubstituted.
3. The curable composition of claim 1 , comprising at least one comonomer a) selected from the group consisting of 1, 1-diester-1-alkenes, 1,1-diketo-1-alkenes, and 1-ester-1-keto-1-alkenes.
4. The curable composition of claim 1 , comprising at least one comonomer a) wherein R a and R b are both —C(═O)OR d and R c is H.
5. The curable composition of claim 1 , comprising at least one comonomer a) wherein R a and R b are both —C(═O)R f and R c is H.
6. The curable composition of claim 1 , comprising at least one comonomer a) wherein R a is —C(═O)OR d , R b is —C(═O)R f and R c is H.
7. The curable composition of claim 1 , comprising at least one methylene malonate as comonomer a).
8. The curable composition of claim 1 , comprising as comonomer a) at least one methylene malonate corresponding to structural formula (I):
wherein R and R′ are the same or different and are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups, alkenyl groups, cycloalkyl groups, heterocyclyl groups, alkyl heterocyclyl groups, aryl groups, aralkyl groups, alkaryl groups, heteroaryl groups, alkheteroaryl groups, oxyalkylene groups and polyoxyalkylene groups, which is substituted or unsubstituted, or R and R′ together form a 5 to 7 membered cyclic or heterocyclic ring, which is substituted or unsubstituted.
9. The curable composition of claim 8 , wherein R and R′ are the same and are selected from the group consisting of C 1 -C 15 alkyl and C 5 -C 12 cycloalkyl.
10. The curable composition of claim 1 , wherein the at least one comonomer a) comprises at least one methylene malonate selected from the group consisting of dicyclohexyl methylene malonate, di-isobornyl methylene malonate, ethyl isobornyl methylene malonate, dihexyl methylene malonate and diethyl methylene malonate.
11. The curable composition of claim 1 , wherein it comprises one or more methylene beta-diketone monomers which have a structure (II):
wherein R 1 and R 2 are independently C 1 -C 15 alkyl, C 2 -C 15 alkenyl, halo-(C 1 -C 15 alkyl), C 3 -C 12 cycloalkyl, halo-(C 3 -C 12 cycloalkyl), heterocyclyl, heterocyclyl-(C 1 -C 15 alkyl), aryl, aryl-(C 1 -C 15 alkyl), heteroaryl or heteroaryl-(C 1 -C 15 alkyl), or alkoxy-(C 1 -C 15 alkyl), each of which is optionally substituted by C 1 -C 15 alkyl, halo-(C 1 -C 15 alkyl), C 3 -C 12 cycloalkyl, halo-(C 3 -C 12 cycloalkyl), heterocyclyl, heterocyclyl-(C 1 -C 15 alkyl), aryl, aryl-(C 1 -C 15 alkyl), heteroaryl, C 1 -C 15 alkoxy, C 1 -C 15 alkylthio, halo, hydroxyl, nitro, azido, cyano, acyloxy, carboxy, or ester;
Or
wherein R 1 and R 2 are taken together with the atoms to which they are bound to form a 5-7 membered heterocyclic ring which is optionally substituted by C 1 -C 15 alkyl, halo-(C 1 -C 15 alkyl), C 3 -C 12 cycloalkyl, halo-(C 3 -C 12 cycloalkyl), heterocyclyl, heterocyclyl-(C 1 -C 15 alkyl), aryl, aryl-(C 1 -C 15 alkyl), heteroaryl, C 1 -C 15 alkoxy, C 1 -C 15 alkylthio, halo, hydroxyl, nitro, azido, cyano, acyloxy, carboxy, or ester.
12. The curable composition of claim 1 , wherein the at least one (meth)acrylate-functionalized compound b) comprises at least one (meth)acrylate-functionalized compound selected from the group consisting of (meth)acrylate esters of aliphatic mono-alcohols (non alkoxylated), (meth)acrylate esters of alkoxylated aliphatic mono-alcohols, (meth)acrylate esters of aliphatic polyols (non alkoxylated), (meth)acrylate esters of alkoxylated aliphatic polyols, (meth)acrylate esters of aromatic alcohols(non alkoxylated), (meth)acrylate esters of alkoxylated aromatic alcohols, epoxy (meth)acrylates, polyether (meth)acrylates, urethane (meth)acrylates, polyester (meth)acrylates, and amine—and sulfide-modified derivatives thereof and combinations thereof.
13. The curable composition of claim 1 , wherein the at least one (meth)acrylate-functionalized compound b) comprises at least one (meth)acrylate-functionalized compound selected from the group consisting of isobornyl (meth)acrylate, ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylates, tricyclodecane dimethanol diacrylate, polyether aliphatic urethane acrylates and polycarbonate urethane acrylates.
14. The curable composition of claim 1 , wherein the curable composition is comprised of from about 1% to about 99% by weight in total of comonomer a) and from about 1% to about 99% by weight in total of (meth)acrylate-functionalized compound b), based on the total weight of comonomer a) and (meth)acrylate-functionalized compound b).
15. A cured composition obtained by curing a curable composition in accordance with claim 1 .
16. A method of making a cured composition, comprising curing a curable composition in accordance with claim 1 .
17. A method of making a three-dimensional article, comprising the steps of:
a) coating a first layer of a curable composition in accordance with claim 1 onto a surface;
b) curing the first layer to provide a cured first layer;
c) coating a second layer of the curable composition onto the cured first layer;
d) curing the second layer to provide a cured second layer adhered to the cured first layer; and
e) repeating steps c) and d) a desired number of times to build up the three-dimensional article.
18. The curable composition of claim 1 , wherein the curable composition is a coating, an adhesive, a sealant, an ink, a 3D printing resin or a molding resin.
19. The cured composition according to claim 15 , wherein the cured composition is a 3D article.