Iridium and / or iridium oxide microsphere-based porous material, preparation method therefor, and uses thereof
The invention relates to a porous material in the form of microspheres based on iridium and/or iridium oxide, its preparation process, its use as anodic catalyst in a water electrolyser based on a solid polymer electrolyte, also called PEM water electrolyser (with PEM meaning “Proton Exchange Membrane” or “Polymer Electrolyte Membrane”) or for the manufacture of light-emitting diodes for various electronic devices or for cars, and a PEM water electrolyser comprising such a material as an anode catalyst.
1. Inorganic material comprising iridium, wherein:
said inorganic material comprises at least 90% by weight of iridium, relative to the total weight of said inorganic material, or
said inorganic material comprises at least 90% by weight of iridium and a metal M, relative to the total weight of said inorganic material,
wherein said inorganic material is macroporous and is in the form of micron or sub-micron spheres having a mean diameter ranging from 100 nm to 40 μm, and
wherein said metal M is chosen from ruthenium, osmium, strontium, tin, tantalum, niobium, antimony, nickel, calcium, barium, copper, cobalt, platinum, titanium, indium, molybdenum, tungsten, gold, manganese and chromium, and said metal M represents at most 70% by mole, relative to the total number of moles of iridium and M metal in said inorganic material.
2. The inorganic material according to claim 1 , wherein the spheres are individual.
3. The inorganic material according to claim 1 , wherein the spheres have an external wall with a thickness varying from 5 nm to 6 μm.
4. The inorganic material according to claim 1 , wherein said material has a specific surface, calculated by the B.E.T. method, varying from 20 to 200 m 2 /g.
5. The inorganic material according to claim 1 , wherein said inorganic material has a macroporous volume ranging from 0.15 to 2 cm 3 /g.
6. The inorganic material according to claim 1 , wherein the spheres are chosen from macroporous solid spheres with a macroporous outer wall, macroporous hollow spheres with a dense outer wall and macroporous hollow spheres with macroporous inner and outer double walls.
7. Process for the preparation of the inorganic material as defined in claim 1 , wherein said process comprises at least the following steps:
i) the preparation of an aqueous solution or suspension comprising at least one iridium precursor and at least one pore-forming agent chosen from organic polymers and copolymers and one of their mixtures,
ii) atomizing the aqueous solution or suspension obtained in step i) to form solid composite beads comprising iridium and the porogen or pore-forming agent; or said material; or solid composite beads comprising iridium, the pore-forming agent, and said inorganic material,
iii) the calcination of the solid composite beads obtained in the preceding step ii) if said solid composite beads exist.
8. Process according to claim 7 , wherein in the solution or suspension obtained at the end of step i), the molar ratio number of moles of aqueous solvent/number of moles of iridium precursor is between 20 and 10000.
9. Process according to claim 7 , wherein in the solution or suspension obtained at the end of step i), the molar ratio number of moles of monomer units of the porogen or pore-forming agent/number of moles of iridium ranges from 0.0005 to 7.
10. Process according to claim 7 , wherein the porogen or pore-forming agent is chosen from homopolymers and copolymers of acrylate, methacrylate, ethylene oxide, methylene oxide, propylene oxide, epichlorohydrin, allyl glycidyl ether, styrene, butadiene and a mixture thereof.
11. Process according to claim 7 , wherein the porogen or pore-forming agent is a polymethyl methacrylate, a block copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide or a mixture thereof.
12. Process according to claim 7 , wherein the atomizing step ii) comprises the following substeps:
ii-1) spraying the aqueous solution or suspension obtained in step i), to form droplets of said aqueous solution or suspension,
ii-2) drying the droplets in the presence of a flow of a hot gas, to form solid composite beads comprising iridium and the porogen or pore-forming agent, and
ii-3) collecting solid composite beads and/or said inorganic material.
13. Process according to claim 12 , wherein the temperature during the drying of sub step ii-2) varies from 35° C. to 1000° C.
14. Process according to claim 7 , wherein the calcination step iii) is carried out at a temperature of at least 300° C. and at most 600° C.
15. An anode catalyst in a water electrolyser based on Proton Exchange Membrane, wherein said anode catalyst comprises the inorganic material as defined in claim 1 .
16. Light emitting diodes for electronic devices or for electroluminescent diodes or for cars, wherein said light emitting diode comprises the inorganic material as defined in claim 1 .
17. Water electrolyser based on Proton Exchange Membrane comprising, at the anode, the inorganic material as defined in claim 1 .
18. The inorganic material according to claim 1 , wherein the inorganic material comprising iridium is an inorganic material comprising Iridium Oxide.
19. The inorganic material according to claim 1 , wherein the inorganic material comprising iridium is an inorganic material comprising a combination of Iridium and Iridium Oxide.