Hybrid thermoplastic composites with long and short fiber materials and natural nanoparticles
A thermoplastic composite material includes a thermoplastic polymer matrix component, a microparticle component, a nanoparticle component, and a compatibilizing agent component, at least a portion of the microparticle component and/or nanoparticle component is a natural fiber.
1. A thermoplastic composite material comprising:
a thermoplastic polypropylene polymer matrix component present between about 75% and about 94.9% by weight of the thermoplastic composite material;
a microparticle component comprising glass fibers present between about 5% and about 15% by weight of the thermoplastic composite material;
a nanoparticle component comprising cellulose nanocrystals present between about 0.1% and about 10% by weight of the thermoplastic composite material; and
a compatibilizing agent component optionally present between about 0.1% to about 10% by weight of the thermoplastic composite material compatibilizing the microparticle component, the nanoparticle component and the thermoplastic polymer matrix component,
the compatibilizing agent comprising maleic anhydride modified polypropylene (MAPP) and diethylenetriamine (DETA).
2. The thermoplastic composite material of claim 1 comprising, by weight percentage:
about 80% polypropylene; about 15% glass fiber;
about 5% cellulose nanocrystals; and
0% compatibilizing agent,
wherein the thermoplastic composite material has a tensile strength of about 56 MPa, and a tensile modulus of about 3497 MPa.
3. The thermoplastic composite material of claim 1 comprising by weight percentage:
about 79.3% polypropylene; about 15% glass fiber;
about 5% cellulose nanocrystals; and
about 0.7% compatibilizing agent,
wherein the thermoplastic composite material has a tensile strength of about 56 MPa, and a tensile modulus of about 4014 MPa.
4. The thermoplastic composite material of claim 1 comprising by weight percentage:
about 83.86% polypropylene; about 15% glass fiber;
about 1% cellulose nanocrystals; and
about 0.14% compatibilizing agent,
wherein the thermoplastic composite material has a tensile strength of about 59 MPa, and a tensile modulus of about 3577 MPa.
5. The thermoplastic composite material of claim 1 comprising by weight percentage:
about 78.6% polypropylene; about 10% glass fiber;
about 10% cellulose nanocrystals; and
about 1.4% compatibilizing agent ,
wherein the thermoplastic composite material has a tensile strength of about 37 MPa, and a tensile modulus of about 2612 MPa.
6. The thermoplastic composite material of claim 1 comprising by weight percentage:
about 84.3% polypropylene; about 10% glass fiber;
about 5% cellulose nanocrystals; and
about 0.7% compatibilizing agent,
wherein the thermoplastic composite material has a tensile strength of about 45 MPa, and a tensile modulus of about 2714 MPa.
7. The thermoplastic composite material of claim 1 comprising by weight percentage:
about 83.95% polypropylene; about 7.5% glass fiber;
about 7.5% cellulose nanocrystals; and
about 1.05% compatibilizing agent,
wherein the thermoplastic composite material has a tensile strength of about 37 MPa, and a tensile modulus of about 2230 MPa.
8. The thermoplastic composite material of claim 1 comprising by weight percentage:
about 86.8% polypropylene; about 7.5% glass fiber;
about 5% cellulose nanocrystals; and
about 0.7% compatibilizing agent,
wherein the thermoplastic composite material has a tensile strength of about 41 MPa, and a tensile modulus of about 2374 MPa.
9. The thermoplastic composite material of claim 1 comprising by weight percentage:
about 91.36% polypropylene; about 7.5% glass fiber;
about 1% cellulose nanocrystals; and
about 0.14% compatibilizing agent,
wherein the thermoplastic composite material has a tensile strength of about 40 MPa, and a tensile modulus of about 2010 MPa.
10. The thermoplastic composite material of claim 1 comprising by weight percentage:
about 89.4% polypropylene; about 5% glass fiber;
about 5% cellulose nanocrystals; and
about 0.6% compatibilizing agent,
wherein the thermoplastic composite material has a tensile strength of about 41 MPa, and a tensile modulus of about 2282 MPa.
11. The thermoplastic composite material of claim 1 comprising by weight percentage:
about 93.86% polypropylene; about 5% glass fiber;
about 1% cellulose nanocrystals; and
about 0.14% compatibilizing agent,
wherein the thermoplastic composite material has a tensile strength of about 39 MPa, and a tensile modulus of about 1990 MPa.
12. The thermoplastic composite material of claim 1 comprising by weight percentage:
about 94% polypropylene; about 5% glass fiber;
about 1% cellulose nanocrystals; and
0.0% compatibilizing agent,
wherein the thermoplastic composite material has a tensile strength of about 39 MPa, and a tensile modulus of about 1344 MPa.
13. The thermoplastic composite material of claim 1 comprising by weight percentage:
about 89.3% polypropylene; about 5% glass fiber;
about 5% cellulose nanocrystals; and
about 0.7% compatibilizing agent,
wherein the thermoplastic composite material has a tensile strength of about 37 MPa, and a tensile modulus of about 2164 MPa.
14. The thermoplastic composite material of claim 1 comprising by weight percentage:
about 93.86% polypropylene; about 5% glass fiber;
about 1% cellulose nanocrystals; and about 0.14% compatibilizing agent,
wherein the thermoplastic composite material has a tensile strength of about 38 MPa, and a tensile modulus of about 1909 MPa.
15. The thermoplastic composite material of claim 1 comprising by weight percentage:
about 94.0% polypropylene; about 5% glass fibers;
about 1% cellulose nanocrystals; and 0.0% compatibilizing agent,
wherein the thermoplastic composite material has a tensile strength of about 40 MPa, and a tensile modulus of about 1994 MPa.
16. A thermoplastic composite material comprises:
a polypropylene (PP) matrix present between about 30% and about 94.9% by weight of the thermoplastic composite material;
cellulosic nanocrystals present between about 0.1% and about 10% by weight of the thermoplastic composite material;
bast fibers present between about 5% and about 50% by weight of the thermoplastic composite material; and
maleic anhydride modified polypropylene (MAPP) and diethylenetriamine (DETA) present in the range of between about 0% and about 10% by weight, the MAPP and DETA compatibilizing the cellulosic nanocrystals, bast fibers, and the polypropylene matrix,
wherein the bast fibers and the cellulosic nanocrystals are incorporated into the polypropylene matrix by reactive extrusion.
17. The thermoplastic composite material of claim 16 wherein during reactive extrusion the MAPP and DETA are used in about a 1:1 ratio.
18. The thermoplastic composite material of claim 16 comprising by weight percentage:
about 79.3% polypropylene; about 15% bast fiber;
about 5% cellulose nanocrystals; and
about 0.7% maleic anhydride modified polypropylene (MAPP) and diethylenetriamine (DETA),
wherein the thermoplastic composite material has a tensile strength of about 38 MPa and a tensile modulus of about 2374 MPa.