Device and method for continuously performing grain boundary diffusion and heat treatment
Disclosed are a device and method for continuously performing grain boundary diffusion and heat treatment, characterized in that the alloy workpiece or the metal workpiece are arranged in a relatively independent processing box together with a diffusion source; the device comprises, in successive arrangement, a grain boundary diffusion chamber, a first cooling chamber, a heat treatment chamber, and a second cooling chamber, and a transfer system provided between various chambers for delivering the processing box; each of the first cooling chamber and the second cooling chamber uses an air cooling system, and the cooling air temperature of the first cooling chamber is above 25° C. and at least differs by 550° C. from the grain boundary diffusion temperature of the grain boundary diffusion chamber; the cooling air temperature of the second cooling chamber is above 25° C. and at least differs by 300° C. from the heat treatment temperature of the heat treatment chamber; and the cooling chamber has a pressure of 50 kPa to 100 kPa. The device provided by the present invention can increase the cooling rate and production efficiency, and improve product consistency.
1. A method for continuously performing grain boundary diffusion and heat treatment, wherein:
an alloy workpiece or a metal workpiece is disposed in a relatively independent processing box together with a diffusion source;
the method comprises:
performing a grain boundary diffusion treatment in a grain boundary diffusion chamber, performing a first-stage air cooling treatment, performing a heat treatment in a heat treatment chamber, and performing a second-stage air cooling treatment on the relatively independent processing box in sequence in air-tight and separated chambers;
a cooling air temperature of the first-stage air cooling treatment is 25° C. or above and differs from a grain boundary diffusion temperature of the grain boundary diffusion treatment by at least 550° C.;
a cooling air temperature of the second-stage air cooling treatment is 25° C. or above and differs from a heat treatment temperature of the heat treatment by at least 300° C.;
the grain boundary diffusion chamber is presented as a square structure and comprises two heating regions disposed facing each other on an inner wall of the square structure of the grain boundary diffusion chamber;
performing the grain boundary diffusion treatment in the grain boundary diffusion chamber comprises placing the relatively independent processing box on a first material rack at a center of the square structure of the grain boundary diffusion chamber; the heat treatment chamber is presented as a square structure and comprises two heating regions disposed facing each other on an inner wall of the square structure of the heat treatment chamber; and performing the heat treatment in the heat treatment chamber comprises placing the relatively independent processing box on a second material rack at a center of the square structure of the heat treatment chamber.
2. The method for continuously performing grain boundary diffusion and heat treatment according to claim 1 , wherein the alloy workpiece is a sintered Nd—Fe—B magnet.
3. The method for continuously performing grain boundary diffusion and heat treatment according to claim 2 , wherein in the heat treatment, a temperature difference of the alloy workpiece or the metal workpiece in different regions is below ±5° C.
4. The method for continuously performing grain boundary diffusion and heat treatment according to claim 1 , wherein:
in the first-stage air cooling treatment, an average cooling rate of the alloy workpiece or the metal workpiece in a first 10 minutes is 5° C./min-12° C./min; and
in the second-stage air cooling treatment, an average cooling rate of the alloy workpiece or the metal workpiece in a first 10 minutes is 5° C./min-12° C./min.
5. A device for continuously performing grain boundary diffusion and heat treatment, wherein:
an alloy workpiece or a metal workpiece is disposed in a relatively independent processing box together with a diffusion source;
the device comprises:
a grain boundary diffusion chamber,
a first cooling chamber,
a heat treatment chamber,
a second cooling chamber, wherein the grain boundary diffusion chamber, the first cooling chamber, the heat treatment chamber, and the second cooling chamber are disposed in sequence by means of airtight devices, and
a transfer system disposed among the grain boundary diffusion chamber, first cooling chamber, the heat treatment chamber, and the second cooling chamber to transfer the relatively independent processing box;
both the first cooling chamber and the second cooling chamber adopt an air cooling system;
a cooling air temperature of the first cooling chamber is 25° C. or above and differs from a grain boundary diffusion temperature of the grain boundary diffusion chamber by at least 550° C.;
a cooling air temperature of the second cooling chamber is 25° C. or above and differs from a heat treatment temperature of the heat treatment chamber by at least 300° C.;
a pressure of the first cooling chamber and a pressure of the second cooling chamber are 50 kPa-100 kPa;
the grain boundary diffusion chamber is presented as a square structure and comprises two heating regions disposed facing each other on an inner wall of the square structure of the grain boundary diffusion chamber;
the relatively independent processing box is placed on a first material rack at a center of the square structure of the grain boundary diffusion chamber for the grain boundary diffusion treatment;
the heat treatment chamber is presented as a square structure and comprises two heating regions disposed facing each other on an inner wall of the square structure of the heat treatment chamber; and
the relatively independent processing box is placed on a second material rack at a center of the square structure of the heat treatment chamber for the heat treatment.
6. The device for continuously performing grain boundary diffusion and heat treatment according to claim 5 , wherein the alloy workpiece is a sintered Nd—Fe—B magnet.
7. The device for continuously performing grain boundary diffusion and heat treatment according to claim 5 , wherein the relatively independent processing box is a closed box body comprising a box body and a lid body coordinating with each other.
8. The device for continuously performing grain boundary diffusion and heat treatment according to claim 5 , wherein the air cooling system is an air cooling system adopting an inert gas.
9. The device for continuously performing grain boundary diffusion and heat treatment according to claim 7 , wherein:
the grain boundary diffusion temperature of the grain boundary diffusion chamber is 800° C.-1000° C.;
the cooling air temperature of the first cooling chamber is 25° C.-150° C.;
the heat treatment temperature of the heat treatment chamber is 400° C.-650° C.;
the cooling air temperature of the second cooling chamber is 25° C.-100° C.;
in a first-stage air cooling treatment performed in the first cooling chamber, an average cooling rate of the alloy workpiece or the metal workpiece in a first 10 minutes of the first-stage air cooling treatment is 5° C./min-12° C./min; and
in a second-stage air cooling treatment performed in the second cooling chamber, an average cooling rate of the alloy workpiece or the metal workpiece in a first 10 minutes of the second-stage air cooling treatment is 5° C./min-12° C./min.
10. The device for continuously performing grain boundary diffusion and heat treatment according to claim 5 , wherein:
in the grain boundary diffusion chamber, distances from the relatively independent processing box to the two heating regions of the grain boundary diffusion chamber disposed facing each other are the same, ranging from 5 cm to 20 cm; and
in the heat treatment chamber, distances from the relatively independent processing box to the two heating regions of the heat treatment chamber disposed facing each other are the same, ranging from 5 cm to 20 cm, and a temperature difference of the alloy workpiece or the metal workpiece in different regions is below ±5° C.
11. The device for continuously performing grain boundary diffusion and heat treatment according to claim 6 , wherein the sintered Nd—Fe—B magnet is a Nd—Fe—B magnet having a total rare earth (TRE) of 28.8 wt %-30.5 wt %.
12. The device for continuously performing grain boundary diffusion and heat treatment according to claim 5 , wherein the first material rack and the second material rack are a same material rack.