Operatively adaptive ultrasound imaging system
An ultrasound imaging system includes an ultrasound probe including transducers, a digital acquisition board including electronic circuits adapted to control the transducers to emit ultrasound waves and to convert signals sensed by transducers into digital data; a real-time sequencer adapted to control the electronic circuits to drive the emission and reception of ultrasound signals, based on working parameters and sequence parameters; and a computer connected to the digital acquisition board and including a computer's memory, the parameters being stored in the computer's memory. The digital acquisition board further includes a DMA controller adapted to access the computer's memory in reading and writing by implementation of DMA protocols, and the sequencer is adapted to send requests to the DMA controller to recover the parameters from the computer's memory in real time.
1. An ultrasound imaging system, comprising:
an ultrasound probe comprising a plurality of transducers configured to emit and receive an ultrasound wave inside a region of a body;
a digital acquisition board comprising:
electronic circuits configured to control the transducers to emit ultrasound waves and to convert signals sensed by transducers into digital data,
a real-time sequencer configured to
store a selected imaging mode of a plurality of imaging modes, and
control the electronic circuits to drive the emission and reception of ultrasound signals, based on working parameters of the electronic circuits and sequence parameters regulating timing of the emission and reception of the ultrasound signals of the selected imaging mode, the working parameters comprising emission parameters related to the control of the transducers for the emission of the ultrasonic waves and reception parameters related to processing of received ultrasound waves sensed by the transducers for the selected imaging mode,
at least one Direct Memory Access controller, and
at least one buffer memory of the digital acquisition board; and
a computer connected to and separate from the digital acquisition board and configured to visualize an image representing a portion of said region, the computer comprising a processor and a memory storing respective working parameters and sequence parameters of the plurality of respective imaging modes,
wherein the at least one Direct Memory Access controller is configured to access the memory of the computer in reading and writing by implementation of Direct Memory Access protocols, and
wherein the real-time sequencer is configured to
send requests to the Direct Memory Access controller to cause the Direct Memory Access controller to recover a portion of the stored working parameters and the stored sequence parameters related to the selected imaging mode directly from the memory of the computer in real time without involving the processor of the computer,
temporarily store the recovered portion of the working parameters and the sequence parameters of the selected imaging mode in the at least one buffer memory of the digital acquisition board, and
transmit the temporarily stored working and sequence parameters of the selected imaging mode from the at least one buffer memory of the digital acquisition board to the electronic circuits,
wherein the temporarily stored working and sequence parameters stored in the at least one buffer memory are overwritten by subsequent working and sequence parameters recovered from the memory of the computer by the DMA controller.
2. The ultrasound imaging system according to claim 1 , further comprising a PCI express bus connecting the computer to the digital acquisition board.
3. The ultrasound imaging system according to claim 1 , wherein the electronic circuits comprise an emission processing chain comprising a transmission beamformer configured to generate digital signals, and a pulser configured to convert each of the digital signals into an electrical excitation of a transducer of the plurality of transducers.
4. The ultrasound imaging system according to claim 1 , wherein the electronic circuits comprise
a reception processing chain comprising an analog processing chain, and
a digital processing chain comprising at least an analog-to-digital converter.
5. The ultrasound imaging system according to claim 1 , wherein the working parameters comprise signal reception parameters including filtering coefficients, gains, demodulation frequencies, and time gain compensation profiles, and signal emission parameters including delays, signal waveforms, and apodization parameters.
6. The ultrasound imaging system according to claim 1 , wherein the working parameters comprise at least one library of predefined settings, said library being stored in a memory of the digital acquisition board, and the addresses of the settings stored in the library being stored in the memory of the computer,
wherein the real-time sequencer is configured to send requests to the Direct Memory Access controller to recover said addresses from the computer in real time, and the real-time sequencer is configured to recover settings from the memory of the digital acquisition board by indirection based on said addresses.
7. The ultrasound imaging system according to claim 6 , wherein at least one library stored in the digital acquisition board comprises at least one of a library of waveforms for ultrasound emission, and a library of filters coefficients for received signals filtering.
8. The ultrasound imaging system according to claim 1 , wherein the real-time sequencer comprises a single ASIC or FPGA including a software programmable processor.
9. The ultrasound imaging system according to claim 1 , wherein the memory of the computer further stores the digital data converted by the electronic circuits.
10. The ultrasound imaging system according to claim 1 , wherein the memory of the computer stores beamforming parameters, and
the processor of the computer is configured to perform the beamforming of the digital data.
11. The ultrasound imaging system according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one Direct Access Memory controller comprises one data import engine configured to import data from the memory of the computer by implementation of the Direct Access Memory protocols, and one data export engine configured to write data in the memory of the computer by implementation of the Direct Access Memory protocols.
12. A digital acquisition board, for use in an ultrasound imaging system including an ultrasound probe having a plurality of transducers configured to emit and receive an ultrasound wave inside a region of a body, and a computer connected to and separate from the digital acquisition board and configured to visualize an image representing a portion of a medium, the computer including a processor and a memory storing respective working parameters and sequence parameters of a plurality of respective imaging modes, the digital acquisition board being configured to be disposed between the ultrasound probe and the computer, the digital acquisition board comprising:
electronic circuits configured to control the transducers to emit ultrasound waves and to convert signals sensed by transducers into digital data;
a real-time sequencer configured to
store a selected imaging mode of the plurality of imaging modes, and
control the electronic circuits to drive the emission and reception of ultrasound signals, based on the working parameters of the electronic circuits and the sequence parameters regulating timing of the emission and reception of the ultrasound signals of the selected imaging mode, the working parameters comprising emission parameters related to the control of the transducers for the emission of the ultrasonic waves and reception parameters related to processing of received ultrasound waves sensed by the transducers for the selected imaging mode;
at least one Direct Memory Access controller configured to access the memory of the computer in reading and writing by implementation of Direct Memory Access protocols; and
at least one buffer memory,
wherein the real-time sequencer is configured to
send requests to the Direct Memory Access controller to cause the Direct Memory Access controller to recover a portion of the working parameters and the sequence parameters related to the selected imaging mode that are stored in the memory of the computer directly from the memory of the computer in real time without involving the processor of the computer,
temporarily store the recovered portion of the working parameters and the sequence parameters of the selected imaging mode in the at least one buffer memory of the digital acquisition board, and
transmit the temporarily stored working and sequence parameters of the selected imaging mode from the at least one buffer memory of the digital acquisition board to the electronic circuits,
wherein the temporarily stored working and sequence parameters stored in the at least one buffer memory are overwritten by subsequent working and sequence parameters recovered from the memory of the computer by the DMA controller.
13. An ultrasound imaging process implemented by the ultrasound imaging system according to claim 1 , the ultrasound imaging process comprising:
sending, by the real-time sequencer, a request to the Direct Memory Access Controller to recover the working parameters and the sequence parameters of the selected imaging mode corresponding to alternative emission and reception sequences; and
prior to each of the emission sequences, sending, by the real-time sequencer, a request to the Direct Memory Access Controller to recover the working parameters and the sequence parameters corresponding to subsequent emission and reception sequences in real time from the memory of the computer.
14. The ultrasound imaging process according to claim 13 , further comprising:
changing the settings of the selected imaging mode during operation of the ultrasound imaging system, and
recovering, by the real-time sequencer, corresponding parameters prior to the subsequent emission sequence.
15. The ultrasound imaging process according to claim 13 , wherein the computer further comprises a controller, and
the process further comprises performing beamforming, by the controller, of the data received and processed by the digital acquisition board.