Devices and processes for detecting surface defects

1. A process for detecting painting defects in painted elements, the process comprising:

a) obtaining an electromagnetic radiation source configured to emit electromagnetic radiation in a first spectral band;

b) projecting a beam of the electromagnetic radiation on at least one surface to be inspected;

c) obtaining a video camera, sensitive in a second spectral band, wherein a spectral working band of the process is the first spectral band if the first spectral band is entirely contained within the second spectral band, wherein the spectral working band of the process is the second spectral band if the second spectral band is entirely contained within the first spectral band, and wherein the spectral working band of the process is an intersection of the first and second spectral bands if the first and second spectral bands overlap; and

d) arranging the video camera so as to obtain images of the at least one surface to be inspected in an incidence zone of the beam of the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the source;

wherein:

e) a diffuser is obtained, the diffuser configured to make more homogeneous a spatial distribution of intensity of the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the source;

f) the diffuser is arranged so as to intercept at least part of the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the source and to make more homogeneous the spatial distribution of the intensity;

g) an intensity alternator is obtained, the intensity alternator configured to obtain a spatial arrangement of the electromagnetic radiation that alternates high-intensity electromagnetic radiation zones with low-intensity electromagnetic radiation zones;

h) the intensity alternator is arranged so as to intercept, after the diffuser, the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the source so as to create, on the at least one surface to be inspected, the high-intensity electromagnetic radiation zones alternating with the low-intensity electromagnetic radiation zones;

i) images of the spatial arrangement of the intensity of the electromagnetic radiation on the at least one surface to be inspected are obtained from the video camera; and

j) the painting defects appearing as lower intensity spots in the high-intensity electromagnetic radiation zones are identified, the painting defects appearing as higher intensity spots in the low-intensity electromagnetic radiation zones are identified, or the painting defects appearing as lower intensity spots in the high-intensity electromagnetic radiation zones and the painting defects appearing as higher intensity spots in the low-intensity electromagnetic radiation zones are identified.

2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the spectral working band of the process is comprised between 300 nanometers (nm) and 1,100 nm, and

wherein the spectral working band of the process has a bandwidth less than or equal to 200 nm.

3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the spectral working band of the process has a bandwidth less than or equal to 50 nm.

4. The process of claim 2 , wherein the spectral working band of the process has a bandwidth less than or equal to 20 nm.

5. The process of claim 2 , wherein the spectral working band of the process is comprised between 800 nm and 900 nm.

6. The process of claim 2 , wherein the spectral working band of the process is comprised between 810 nm and 860 nm.

7. The process of claim 2 , wherein the spectral working band of the process is comprised between 825 nm and 835 nm.

8. The process of claim 2 , wherein the spectral working band of the process is comprised between 840 nm and 860 nm.

9. The process of claim 2 , wherein the high-intensity electromagnetic radiation zones alternating with the low-intensity electromagnetic radiation zones have a pitch less than or equal to 20 millimeters (mm).

10. The process of claim 9 , wherein the pitch is less than or equal to 4 mm.

11. The process of claim 2 , wherein the spectral working band of the process comprises two or more distinct spectral bands.

12. The process of claim 1 , wherein the spectral working band of the process is comprised between 750 nanometers (nm) and 1,050 nm, and

wherein the spectral working band of the process has a bandwidth less than or equal to 200 nm.

13. The process of claim 12 , wherein the spectral working band of the process has a bandwidth less than or equal to 50 nm.

14. The process of claim 12 , wherein the spectral working band of the process has a bandwidth less than or equal to 20 nm.

15. The process of claim 12 , wherein the spectral working band of the process is comprised between 800 nm and 900 nm.

16. The process of claim 12 , wherein the spectral working band of the process is comprised between 810 nm and 860 nm.

17. The process of claim 12 , wherein the spectral working band of the process is comprised between 825 nm and 835 nm.

18. The process of claim 12 , wherein the spectral working band of the process is comprised between 840 nm and 860 nm.

19. The process of claim 12 , wherein the high-intensity electromagnetic radiation zones alternating with the low-intensity electromagnetic radiation zones have a pitch less than or equal to 20 millimeters (mm).

20. The process of claim 19 , wherein the pitch is less than or equal to 4 mm.

21. The process of claim 12 , wherein the spectral working band of the process comprises two or more distinct spectral bands.