Directional antenna arrays and methods
Disclosed are devices, systems and methods employing a directional antenna with a single rotational degree of freedom and using multiple signal-quality measurements to define best orientation with respect to a remote communication point and to align the antenna along the highest-signal-quality path. This simplifies alignment upon installation and facilitates higher signal levels, resulting in more reliable communication and higher data throughput.
1. A tunable communication device comprising:
an antenna body, the antenna body comprising:
a side wall, the side wall including a substantially planar face;
an upper surface;
an interior surface; and
an exterior surface;
a directional antenna array comprising one or more directional antennas mounted on the exterior surface of the substantially planar face of the partially cylindrical antenna body, the one or more directional antennas facing a single direction;
an antenna driver configured to control a rotation of the antenna body around a single axis to point the directional antenna array in a direction within a plane of rotation;
a cylindrical radome enclosing the partially cylindrical antenna body; and
a signal quality evaluator module configured to:
initiate a course scan through evaluation of a quality of input signals received from the one or more directional antennas as the antenna body is rotated through a plurality of coarse discrete positions in the plane of rotation;
determine a subset of the plurality of coarse discrete positions that correlate with a highest antenna signal quality as the antenna body is rotated through the plurality of coarse discrete positions; and
initiate a fine scan in which the antenna body is rotated through a plurality of fine discrete positions within the subset of the plurality of coarse discrete positions, the plurality of fine discrete positions being of a smaller angular range as compared with the plurality of coarse discrete positions.
2. The tunable communication device of claim 1 , wherein the one or more directional antennas are configured to communicate with a remote station.
3. The tunable communication device of claim 2 , wherein the remote station comprises a Wi-Fi access point.
4. The tunable communication device of claim 2 , wherein the remote station comprises a cellular base station.
5. The tunable communication device of claim 1 , wherein the interior of the partially cylindrical antenna body encloses one or more electronic systems.
6. A method of operating a tunable communication device, the tunable communication device having a directional antenna array comprised of one or more directional antennas mounted on an exterior surface of a face of a rotatable antenna body, the method comprising:
rotating the tunable communication device through a plurality of coarse angular positions to point the directional antenna array in a series of discrete directions within a plane of rotation;
receiving a signal from a base station at each of the plurality of coarse angular positions of the tunable communication device;
determining a quality of the signal received from the base station at each of the plurality of coarse angular positions of the tunable communication device;
determining a highest quality signal from the plurality of signals received through each of the plurality of coarse angular positions to determine a subset of the plurality of coarse angular positions; and
rotating the tunable communication device through a plurality of fine angular positions within the determined subset of the plurality of coarse angular positions, the plurality of fine angular positions being of a smaller angular range as compared with the plurality of coarse angular positions.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the rotating of the tunable communication device further comprises:
selecting a rotational range smaller than an entire rotational range of the antenna body on either side of the determined highest quality signal;
rotating the partially cylindrical antenna body to one end of the smaller rotational range;
receiving a plurality of signals during rotation within the smaller rotational range by:
rotating the tunable communication device through the plurality of fine angular positions within the smaller rotational range;
receiving a signal from the antenna at each of the plurality of fine angular positions of the tunable communication device within the smaller rotational range;
determining quality of the signal received at each of the plurality of fine angular positions of the tunable communication device within the smaller rotational range;
identifying a highest quality signal among the plurality of signals received for the smaller rotational range; and
rotating the antenna body to an orientation corresponding to the highest quality signal identified within the smaller rotational range.
8. The method of claim 6 , further comprising:
monitoring a quality of the antenna signal, and
upon receiving a signal that is below a threshold value, repeating the process of rotating the tunable communication device through the plurality of coarse angular positions to point the directional antenna array in the series of discrete directions within the plane of rotation.
9. A tunable communication system, the system comprising:
a tunable communication device comprising an antenna body, the antenna body comprising:
a side wall including a substantially planar face;
an upper surface;
an interior surface; and
an exterior surface;
one or more directional antennas mounted on the exterior surface of the substantially planar face of the antenna body, the one or more directional antennas facing a single direction;
an antenna driver configured to control rotation of the antenna body around a single axis to point the one or more directional antennas in a plurality of directions within a plane of rotation;
a cylindrical radome enclosing the antenna body; and
a signal quality evaluator module configured to:
initiate a course scan through evaluation of a quality of input signals received from the one or more directional antennas as the antenna body is rotated through a plurality of coarse discrete positions in the plane of rotation;
determine a subset of the plurality of coarse discrete positions that correlate with a highest antenna signal quality as the antenna body is rotated through the plurality of coarse discrete positions; and
initiate a fine scan in which the antenna body is rotated through a plurality of fine discrete positions within the subset of the plurality of coarse discrete positions, the plurality of fine discrete positions being of a smaller angular range as compared with the plurality of coarse discrete positions; and
a remote station in communication with the tunable communication device.
10. The tunable communication system of claim 9 , wherein the one or more directional antennas are configured to communicate with the remote station.
11. The tunable communication system of claim 10 , wherein the remote station is at least one of a Wi-Fi access point, and a cellular base station.
12. The tunable communication device of claim 9 wherein the signal quality evaluator module is further configured to:
compare the quality of input signals received from the one or more directional antennas with one another; and
generate a route signal to instruct the antenna driver to steer the antenna towards an orientation corresponding to the highest antenna signal quality.