Electrode devices and methods of manufacturing
An extravascular or intravascular neural interface is disclosed containing electrodes for neurostimulation of the vessel. The devices are housed in flexible substrates formed from a multilumen tubing housing conductors for electrodes positioned in a distal serpentine shaped end of the device. The distal serpentine shaped end includes rows or strips of electrodes or coil electrodes.
1. A neural interface for interfacing with a target vessel, the neural interface comprising:
a tube including a plurality of lumina within the tube and having a helical shape along at least part of the length of the tube;
a plurality of conductors, wherein each conductor among the plurality of conductors is inserted into a corresponding lumen;
at least two electrodes, wherein each electrode among the at least two electrodes is connected to a first end of a corresponding conductor and positioned at a position along the length of the tube so as to form no electrical transverse gap between electrodes over at least a 360 degree turn around an interior surface or an exterior surface of the target vessel when positioned in or on the target vessel; and
an overlay positioned over the tube and the electrodes, the overlay including a plurality of openings exposing each conductor to the interior surface or the exterior surface of the target vessel.
2. The neural interface of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of electrodes are positioned according to one of following:
toward a surface of the tubing adjacent to the interior surface of the target vessel, when positioned in the target vessel; or
toward a surface of the tubing adjacent to the exterior surface of the target vessel, when positioned on the target vessel.
3. The neural interface of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of spacers, wherein at least one spacer is positioned between adjacent electrodes among the plurality of electrodes, wherein the tube and the plurality of spacers are a polyurethane material, and wherein the polyurethane material is reflowed to melt the spacers, fill the laser ablation and create an end for the tube.
4. The neural interface of claim 3 , wherein the end is centerless ground.
5. The neural interface of claim 1 , wherein the position of the at least two electrodes is determined by a laser ablation in the surface of the tube.
6. The neural interface of claim 1 , wherein the at least two electrodes are coil electrodes.
7. The neural interface of claim 1 , wherein the overlay is a silicone-based material, and wherein the silicone-based material is at least one of:
doped with a steroid drug; or
coated with a hydrophilic polymer.
8. The neural interface of claim 1 , wherein the helical shape includes at least one complete helical turn.
9. The neural interface of claim 1 , wherein the at least two electrodes are a first continuous strip and a second continuous strip, and at least one of:
the first continuous strip is configured to have a negative polarity and the second continuous strip is configured to have a positive polarity; or
the first continuous strip and the second continuous strip are embedded in the tube and recessed from the exterior surface of the tube.
10. The neural interface of claim 1 , wherein the at least two electrodes are a first continuous strip, a second continuous strip and a third continuous strip, at least one of:
at least two continuous strips of the first continuous strip, the second continuous strip and the third continuous strip are configured to have a first polarity and a remaining continuous strip is configured to have a second polarity, the first polarity being opposite the second polarity; or
the first continuous strip, the second continuous strip, and the third continuous strip are embedded in the tube and recessed from the exterior surface of the tube.
11. The neural interface of claim 1 , wherein the at least two electrodes include a first array of multiple electrodes and a second array of multiple electrodes, and at least one of:
each electrode in each of the first array and the second array are connected to a conductor among the plurality of conductors;
each electrode of the first array and the second array are independently configured to be selected and activated for power/current grading of a stimulation field around of the target vessel; or
each electrode of the first array and the second array is configured to have a selective negative polarity or a selective positive polarity.