Functional element having electrically controllable optical properties
A functional element having electrically controllable optical properties, includes a stack sequence of at least a first carrier film, an active layer, and a second carrier film, wherein at least one exit surface of the active layer on at least one lateral face of the stack sequence of the functional element is sealed at least in sections with a barrier material.
1. A functional element having electrically controllable optical properties, comprising
a stack sequence of at least:
a first carrier film,
an active layer, and
a second carrier film,
wherein at least one exit surface of the active layer on at least one lateral face of the functional element is sealed at least in sections with a barrier material, and the barrier material is extruded onto the exit surface or is sprayed onto the exit surface,
wherein the barrier material is arranged directly on the lateral face of the stack sequence of the functional element and directly on the exit surface of the active layer and lateral faces of the carrier films,
wherein the barrier material is arranged bead-like on the lateral faceand is not implemented as a film,
wherein the barrier material is formed such that it prevents the diffusion of plasticizer through the barrier material,
wherein the barrier material is made of the same thermoplastic material as the carrier films,
wherein the barrier material protrudes beyond all lateral faces of the functional element and covers an edge area of an upper side of the second outer carrier film and a lower side of the first outer carrier film, and
wherein the barrier material and surfaces of the first outer carrier film and the second outer carrier film coming into contact with the barrier film have a fusion connection by localized melting.
2. The functional element according to claim 1 , wherein the exit surfaces on all lateral faces are completely sealed with the barrier material or wherein at least one of the lateral faces are completely sealed with the barrier material.
3. The functional element according to claim 1 , wherein the functional element is a polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) film.
4. The functional element according to claim 1 , wherein the barrier material is plasticizer-poor or plasticizer-free.
5. The functional element according to claim 1 , wherein the barrier material has, over the exit surface, a thickness d of at least 0.1 mm.
6. A composite pane having a functional element, comprising:
a second stack sequence comprising an outer pane, a first intermediate layer, a second intermediate layer, and an inner pane, wherein the first and second intermediate layers contain at least one thermoplastic polymer film with at least one plasticizer,
wherein, between the first intermediate layer and the second intermediate layer, a functional element having electrically controllable optical properties according to claim 1 is arranged at least in sections.
7. The composite pane according to claim 6 , wherein the intermediate layer contains at least 3 wt.-% of a plasticizer and the plasticizer contains or is made of aliphatic diesters of tri- or tetraethylene glycol.
8. The composite pane according to claim 6 , wherein the intermediate layer contains at least 60 wt.-% polyvinyl butyral (PVB).
9. A method for producing a functional element having electrically controllable optical properties according to claim 1 , wherein at least
a) a stack sequence of at least
a first carrier film,
an active layer, and
a second carrier film
is provided, and
b) an exit surface of the active layer on at least one lateral face of the functional element is sealed at least in sections with a barrier material, wherein the barrier material is extruded in a heated state directly onto the exit surface or is sprayed directly onto the exit surface.
10. The method according to claim 9 , wherein in a following step
c) an outer pane, a first intermediate layer, the functional element having electrically controllable optical properties, a second intermediate layer, and an inner pane are arranged one over another in this order, and
d) the outer pane and the inner pane are joined by lamination, wherein an intermediate layer with an embedded functional element is formed from the first intermediate layer and the second intermediate layer.
11. A method comprising utilizing a functional element according to claim 1 in a windshield or roof panel of a vehicle, wherein the functional element is used as a sun visor.
12. A method comprising utilizing a functional element according to claim 1 in an interior glazing or exterior glazing in a vehicle or a building, wherein the electrically controllable functional element is used as a sun screen or as a privacy screen.
13. The functional element according to claim 2 , wherein all lateral faces are completely sealed with the barrier material.
14. The functional element according to claim 4 , wherein the barrier material contains or is made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyvinyl fluoride (PVF).