Radiation curable compositions and composite articles made using an additive manufacturing process
A radiation curable composition including at least one radiation hardenable component, a photo-initiator, and a filler material having a population of particulates in an amount greater than or equal to 50% by weight of the printable composition. The population of particulates exhibits a median diameter (D50) of greater than or equal to 0.3 micrometer on a volume-average basis as determined using the Particle Size Test Method, and the radiation curable composition exhibits a viscosity of less than or equal to 150 Pa s when measured using the Viscosity Test Method. A method, apparatus, and systems for producing composite articles by selectively exposing a portion of the radiation curable composition to a source of actinic radiation to at least partially cure the exposed portion of the radiation curable composition, thereby forming a hardened layer, preferably by an additive manufacturing process such as stereophotolithography, are also described. The composite articles may include composite dental restorations.
1. A radiation curable composition comprising:
at least one radiation hardenable component;
an optical brightener in an amount of 0.01-1% by weight, based on the total weight of the radiation curable composition;
a photo-initiator; and
a filler material comprising a population of particulates in an amount greater than or equal to 50% by weight of the printable composition, wherein the population of particulates comprises a nano-filler, wherein the nano-filler comprises nano-clusters, and wherein the population of particulates exhibits a median diameter (D50) of greater than 0.3 micrometer on a volume-average basis as determined using a Particle Size Test Method of the description, further wherein the radiation curable composition exhibits a viscosity of less than 150 Pa·s when measured using a Viscosity Test Method of the description.
2. The radiation curable composition of claim 1 , wherein the at least one radiation hardenable component is ethylenically-unsaturated.
3. The radiation curable composition of claim 2 , wherein the at least one radiation hardenable component is selected from the group consisting of dimers, trimers, oligomers, and combinations thereof.
4. The radiation curable composition of claim 1 , wherein the photo-initiator is not a cationic photo-initiator.
5. The radiation curable composition of claim 4 , wherein the photo-initiator is a photo-radical photo-initiator.
6. The radiation curable composition of claim 1 , wherein the filler material comprises inorganic particulates.
7. The radiation curable composition of claim 6 , wherein the inorganic particulates comprise a metal, a metal alloy, a metal oxide, a metal nitride, a metal carbide, carbon, and combinations thereof.
8. The radiation curable composition of claim 7 , wherein the inorganic particulates are surface treated.
9. The radiation curable composition of claim 1 , further comprising at least one additive selected from the group consisting of a solvent, a monomer, a (co)polymer, an emulsifier, a polymerization inhibitor, a photosensitizer, a colorant, a fiber reinforcement material, or a combination thereof.
10. A method for producing a composite article, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a radiation curable composition including:
at least one radiation hardenable component;
an optical brightener in an amount of 0.01-1% by weight, based on the total weight of the radiation curable composition;
a photo-initiator; and
a filler material comprising a population of particulates in an amount greater than or equal to 50% by weight of the printable composition, wherein the population of particulates comprises a nano-filler, wherein the nano-filler comprises nano-clusters, and wherein the population of particulates exhibits a median diameter (D50) of greater than 0.3 micrometer on a volume-average basis as determined using a Particle Size Test Method of the description, further wherein the radiation curable composition exhibits a viscosity of less than 150 Pa·s when measured using a Viscosity Test Method of the description; and
(b) selectively exposing a portion of the radiation curable composition to a source of actinic radiation to at least partially cure the exposed portion of the radiation curable composition, thereby forming a hardened layer, wherein steps (a) and (b) are repeated to form a near net-shape composite article.
11. The method of claim 10 , further comprising at least one of heating the radiation curable composition, removing uncured radiation curable composition from the near net-shape composite article, washing the near net-shape composite article with a solvent, or heating the near net-shape composite article.
12. A composite article prepared with the radiation curable composition of claim 1 , wherein the composite article is a dental restoration.
13. The composite article of claim 12 , wherein the dental restoration is selected from the group consisting of a crown, a bridge, an inlay, an onlay, a veneer, a pontic, or a combination thereof.
14. A system comprising:
a display that displays a 3D model of a dental restoration; and
one or more processors that, in response to the 3D model selected by a user, cause an additive manufacturing device to create a near net-shape composite dental restoration using an additive manufacturing method, the additive manufacturing method comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a radiation curable composition, the radiation curable composition further comprising:
at least one radiation hardenable component;
an optical brightener in an amount of 0.01-1% by weight, based on the total weight of the radiation curable composition;
a photo-initiator; and
a filler material comprising a population of particulates in an amount greater than or equal to 50% by weight of the printable composition, wherein the population of particulates comprises a nano-filler, wherein the nano-filler comprises nano-clusters, and wherein the population of particulates exhibits a median diameter (D50) of greater than 0.3 micrometer on a volume-average basis as determined using a Particle Size Test Method of the description, further wherein the radiation curable composition exhibits a viscosity of less than 150 Pa·s when measured using a Viscosity Test Method of the description; and
(b) selectively exposing a portion of the radiation curable composition to a source of actinic radiation to at least partially cure the exposed portion of the radiation curable composition, thereby forming a hardened layer, wherein steps (a) and (b) are repeated sequentially or continuously to form the near net-shape composite dental restoration.
15. The radiation curable composition of claim 1 , wherein the nanoclusters have a specific surface area of from 30 to 400 m 2 /g and comprise particles selected from the group consisting of SiO 2 , ZrO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , and mixtures thereof.
16. The radiation curable composition of claim 1 , wherein the nanoclusters are present in an amount from 5 to 40 weight percent based on the total weight of the radiation curable composition.