Method for producing retinal tissues

1. A method for suppressing differentiation of a ganglion cell, an amacrine cell, a horizontal cell and/or a bipolar cell in a neural retinal tissue with a layer comprising a photoreceptor precursor and/or a photoreceptor, comprising steps:

(1) differentiating pluripotent stem cells in a first medium into a retinal tissue comprising a neural retinal progenitor cell and in any stage between a differentiation stage immediately after emergence of a ganglion cell and a differentiation stage where emergence rate of a cone photoreceptor precursor reaches maximum, and

(2) suspension culturing the retinal tissue obtained in step (1) in a second medium containing a thyroid gland hormone signal transduction pathway agonist,

thereby obtaining the retinal tissue as an aggregate,

wherein a ratio of ganglion cells, amacrine cells, horizontal cells, and/or bipolar cells to other cells is less than the ratio in the retinal tissue obtained by steps (1) and (2) except for the absence of a thyroid gland hormone signal transduction pathway agonist in the second medium, and

wherein the first medium and/or the second medium in at least a part of step (2) is a medium containing a dorsalization signal transmitter selected from a group consisting of BMP signal transduction pathway agonist and SHH signal transduction pathway inhibitor at a concentration that suppresses expression of a ventral marker.

2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the step (2) is performed up to a differentiation stage where a rod photoreceptor precursor and/or a bipolar cell emerge(s).

3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the step (2) is performed up to a differentiation stage where an outer plexiform membrane is formed.

4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the step (2) is performed up to a differentiation stage where a Muller cell emerges.

5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the method suppresses formation of PAX6-negative/CHX10-strongly positive cell and PAX6-positive/CHX10-negative cell.

6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the thyroid gland hormone signal transduction pathway agonist is triiodothyronine or thyroxine.

7. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the triiodothyronine has a concentration of 1-100 nM.

8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the retinal tissue containing a neural retinal progenitor cell and in a differentiation stage immediately after emergence of a ganglion cell in the step (1) is a retinal tissue having a neural retinal progenitor cell content of not less than 50% based on the total number of cells.

9. A method for producing matured neural retinal tissue, or a neural retinal tissue that can be matured into a matured neural retinal tissue, comprising steps:

(1) differentiating pluripotent stem cells into a retinal tissue in an initial developmental stage, and

(2) culturing the retinal tissue obtained in step (1) in a first medium to obtain a retinal tissue containing a neural retinal progenitor cell and in any stage between a differentiation stage immediately after emergence of a ganglion cell and a differentiation stage where emergence rate of a cone photoreceptor precursor reaches maximum, and

(3) suspension culturing the retinal tissue obtained in step (2) in a second medium containing a thyroid gland hormone signal transduction pathway agonist,

thereby obtaining the retinal tissue as an aggregate,

wherein a ratio of ganglion cells, amacrine cells, horizontal cells, and/or bipolar cells to other cells is less than the ratio in the retinal tissue obtained by steps (1), (2), and (3) except for the absence of a thyroid gland hormone signal transduction pathway agonist in the second medium, and

wherein the first medium and/or the second medium in at least a part of step (3) is a medium containing a dorsalization signal transmitter selected from a group consisting of BMP signal transduction pathway agonist and SHH signal transduction pathway inhibitor at a concentration that suppresses expression of a ventral marker.

10. The production method according to claim 9 , wherein the second medium in step (3) comprises a dorsalization signal transmitter at a concentration that suppresses expression of a ventral marker.

11. The production method according to claim 9 , wherein the first medium in step (2) comprises a dorsalization signal transmitter at a concentration that suppresses expression of a ventral marker.

12. The production method according to claim 9 , wherein the matured neural retinal tissue has the following characteristics (i)-(iii):

(i) the proportion of the number of cells of the photoreceptor precursor and photoreceptor is not less than 40% based on the total number of cells;

(ii) a content of cone photoreceptor precursor and cone photoreceptor contained in photoreceptor precursor and photoreceptor is not less than 70%; and

(iii) a proportion of the number of cells of a bipolar cell, a ganglion cell, an amacrine cell and a horizontal cell is not more than 30% based on the total number of cells.

13. The production method according to claim 9 , wherein the neural retinal tissue that can be matured into a matured neural retinal tissue has the following characteristics (i)-(ii):

(i) the proportion of the number of cells of photoreceptor precursor and photoreceptor (CRX-positive cell) is not less than 11% based on the total number of cells; and

(ii) the proportion of the number of cells of CRX-positive and TRβ2-positive cells is not less than 7% based on the total number of cells; and

culturing is continued for 30-50 days, after recognition of emergence of the cone photoreceptor precursor.

14. The production method according to claim 9 , wherein the neural retinal tissue that can be matured into a matured neural retinal tissue has the following characteristics (i)-(ii):

(i) the proportion of the photoreceptor precursor and photoreceptor (CRX-positive cells) is not less than 25% based on the total number of cells; and

(ii) the photoreceptor precursor and/or photoreceptor (CRX-positive cell) are/is in contact with the apical surface, and at least two cells are present side by side along a straight line vertical to the tangent line of the apical surface; and

culturing is continued for 55-80 days after recognition of emergence of the cone photoreceptor precursor.

15. The production method according to claim 9 , wherein the step (3) includes the following steps (3-1) and (3-2):

(3-1) culturing the retinal tissue obtained in step (2) in a medium containing a thyroid gland hormone signal transduction pathway agonist up to day 30-80 after recognition of emergence of the cone photoreceptor precursor, and

(3-2) culturing the retinal tissue obtained in step (3-1) in a medium for 60-120 days in the presence of or in the absence of thyroid gland hormone signal transduction pathway agonist.

16. The production method according to claim 15 , wherein the medium used in step (3-2) is a medium containing a thyroid gland hormone signal transduction pathway agonist and/or a dorsalization signal transmitter at a concentration that suppresses expression of a ventral marker.

17. The production method according to claim 1 or 9 , wherein the dorsalization signal transmitter is BMP4.

18. The production method according to claim 17 , wherein the BMP4 has a concentration of 0.05-0.45 nM.

19. The production method according to claim 1 or 9 , wherein the dorsalization signal transmitter is Cyclopamine-KAAD.

20. The production method according to claim 19 , wherein the Cyclopamine-KAAD has a concentration of 0.01-100 μM.

21. The production method according to claim 15 , wherein the medium used in step (3-2) is a medium for maintaining a continuous epithelial structure.