Isobutylene copolymers, method for making isobutylene copolymers and isobutylene copolymer products
Isobutylene copolymer includes repeat units derived from isobutylene and one or more comonomers selected from isoprene, butadiene, cyclopentadiene, dicyclopentadiene, limonene, substituted styrenes, and C4 to C10 dienes other than isoprene, butadiene, limonene, cyclopentadiene, or dicyclopentadiene, wherein the molar ratio of isobutylene derived repeat units to the comonomer derived repeat units is from 75:1 to 1.5:1. The copolymers have a molecular weight, Mn, of from 200 to 20,000 Daltons and typically have a high double bond content and a high vinylidene double bond content when diene monomers are utilized.
1. A method of making and using an isobutylene copolymer comprising:
(a) providing a reaction mixture to a reactor comprising isobutylene monomer, and one or more comonomers selected from isoprene, butadiene, cyclopentadiene, dicyclopentadiene, limonene, substituted styrenes, piperylene and C4 to C10 dienes other than isoprene, butadiene, cyclopentadiene, dicyclopentadiene, limonene or piperylene as well as a Lewis acid polymerization catalyst,
wherein the molar ratio of isobutylene monomer to the comonomer is from 60:1 to 1:1;
(b) polymerizing the reaction mixture while maintaining the reactor at a temperature above −30° C. and utilizing a reactor residence time of less than 45 minutes to produce a crude isobutylene copolymer in a polymerization mixture; and
(c) recovering a purified isobutylene copolymer from the polymerization mixture having a molecular weight, Mn, of from 200 to 20,000 Daltons,
with the provisos that (i) when the comonomer is isoprene, butadiene or mixtures thereof, the reactor temperature is maintained at 0° C. or above and the purified isobutylene copolymer has a molecular weight, Mn, of from 200 to 2500 Daltons and (ii) when the comonomer comprises a substituted styrene the purified copolymer has a molecular weight, Mn, of from 200 to 5000 Daltons,
said method further comprising: (i) incorporating the copolymer into a sizing composition; (ii) incorporating the copolymer into an unsaturated polyester resin; (iii) incorporating the copolymer into an epoxy resin or (iv) incorporating the copolymer into a polyurethane resin.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the reactor is maintained at a temperature of up to 35° C.
3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the reactor is maintained at a temperature of 5° C. or above.
4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the reactor is maintained at a temperature of 10° C. or above.
5. The method according to claim 1 , utilizing a reactor residence time of 20 minutes or less.
6. The method according to claim 5 , utilizing a reactor residence time of 10 minutes or less.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the conversion of comonomer is from 45% to 80%.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein polymerization is carried out in a loop reactor.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the molar ratio of isobutylene to the one or more comonomers is from 3:5 to 1:1.
10. The method according to claim 1 , comprising incorporating the copolymer into a sizing composition.
11. The method according to claim 1 , comprising incorporating the copolymer into an unsaturated polyester resin.
12. The method according to claim 1 , comprising incorporating the copolymer into an epoxy resin.
13. The method according to claim 1 , comprising incorporating the copolymer into a polyurethane resin.
14. A composition including a composition comprising repeat units derived from isobutylene and repeat units derived from one or more comonomers selected from isoprene, butadiene, cyclopentadiene, dicyclopentadiene, limonene, substituted styrenes, piperylene and C4 to C10 dienes other than isoprene, butadiene, limonene, cyclopentadiene or dicyclopentadiene wherein the molar ratio of isobutylene derived repeat units to the comonomer derived repeat units is from 75:1 to 1.5:1 and the isobutylene copolymer has a molecular weight, Mn, of from 200 to 20,000 Daltons, with the provisos that (i) when the comonomer comprises a substituted styrene, the copolymer has a molecular weight, Mn, from 200 to 5000 Daltons and (ii) when the comonomer is isoprene, butadiene or mixtures thereof, the copolymer has a molecular weight, Mn, of from 200 to 2500 Daltons, at least 1.3 double bonds per molecule and greater than 0.8 vinylidene double bonds per molecule, wherein said isobutylene copolymer is incorporated into (i) a sizing composition; (ii) an unsaturated polyester resin; (iii) an epoxy resin or (iv) a polyurethane resin.
15. The isobutylene copolymer according to claim 14 , wherein the isobutylene copolymer has a molecular weight, Mn, of from 250 to 1,500 Daltons.
16. An isobutylene copolymer comprising repeat units derived from isobutylene and repeat units derived from isoprene comonomer, wherein the molar ratio of isobutylene derived repeat units to the isoprene comonomer derived repeat units is from 75:1 to 1.5:1 and the isobutylene copolymer has a molecular weight, Mn, of from 200 to 2500 Daltons, at least 1.3 double bonds per molecule and greater than 0.8 vinylidene double bonds per molecule.
17. The isobutylene copolymer according to claim 16 , wherein the isobutylene copolymer has, on average, from 1.3 to 4 double bonds per molecule.
18. The isobutylene copolymer according to claim 16 , wherein the isobutylene copolymer has, on average, from 0.85 to 2 vinylidene double bonds per molecule.
19. The isobutylene copolymer according to claim 16 , wherein the isobutylene copolymer has, on average, from 1.2 to 1.8 vinylidene double bonds per molecule.
20. The isobutylene copolymer according to claim 16 , wherein the isobutylene copolymer has, on average, from 3 to 4.5 double bonds per molecule.
21. A method of making an isobutylene copolymer comprising:
(a) providing a reaction mixture to a reactor comprising isobutylene monomer, and one or more comonomers selected from isoprene, butadiene, cyclopentadiene, dicyclopentadiene, limonene, substituted styrenes, piperylene and C4 to C10 dienes other than isoprene, butadiene, cyclopentadiene, dicyclopentadiene, limonene or piperylene as well as a Lewis acid polymerization catalyst,
wherein the molar ratio of isobutylene monomer to the comonomer is from 12:1 to 1:1;
(b) polymerizing the reaction mixture while maintaining the reactor at a temperature of 0° C. to 35° C. and utilizing a reactor residence time of less than 20 minutes to produce a crude isobutylene copolymer in a polymerization mixture; and
(c) recovering a purified isobutylene copolymer from the polymerization mixture having a molecular weight, Mn, of from 200 to 20,000 Daltons,
with the provisos that (i) when the comonomer is isoprene, butadiene or mixtures thereof, the purified isobutylene copolymer has a molecular weight, Mn, of from 200 to 2500 Daltons, as well as from 1.2 to 1.8 vinylidene double bonds per molecule and (ii) when the comonomer comprises a substituted styrene, the Lewis acid polymerization catalyst is boron trifluoride and the purified copolymer has a molecular weight, Mn, of from 250 to 1500 Daltons.
22. The method according to claim 21 , utilizing a reactor residence time of 10 minutes or less.
23. The method according to claim 21 , wherein the conversion of comonomer is from 45% to 80%.
24. The method according to claim 21 , wherein polymerization is carried out in a loop reactor.
25. The method according to claim 21 , wherein the molar ratio of isobutylene to the one or more comonomers is from 3:5 to 1:1.