Lithium secondary battery
A lithium secondary battery includes a cathode including a cathode current collector, and a first cathode active material layer and a second cathode active material layer sequentially formed on the cathode current collector, an anode, and a separation layer interposed between the cathode and the anode. The first cathode active material layer and the second cathode active material layer include a first cathode active material particle and a second cathode active material particle, respectively, which have different compositions or crystalline structures from each other, and the first cathode active material particle and the second cathode active material particle include lithium metal oxides containing nickel. The second cathode active material particle has a single particle structure.
1. A lithium secondary battery, comprising:
a cathode including a cathode current collector, a first cathode active material layer formed on the cathode current collector, and a second cathode active material layer formed on the first cathode active material layer;
an anode; and
a separation layer interposed between the cathode and the anode,
wherein a cathode active material included in the first cathode active material layer consists of a first lithium metal oxide particle having a secondary particle structure in which primary particles are assembled,
wherein a cathode active material included in the second cathode active material layer consists of a second lithium metal oxide particle having a single particle structure which is not the secondary particle structure in which primary particles are assembled, and
wherein each of the first lithium metal oxide particle and the second lithium metal oxide particle contains nickel.
2. The lithium secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein a concentration of nickel in the second lithium metal oxide particle is less than that in the first lithium metal oxide particle.
3. The lithium secondary battery according to claim 2 , wherein a molar ratio of nickel among metals except for lithium in the first lithium metal oxide particle is 60% or more.
4. The lithium secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein the first lithium metal oxide particle includes a concentration gradient region between a central portion and a surface, and a concentration gradient of at least one metal is formed in the concentration gradient region.
5. The lithium secondary battery according to claim 4 , wherein a nickel concentration of the first lithium metal oxide particle continuously decreases in the concentration gradient region in a direction from the central portion to the surface.
6. The lithium secondary battery according to claim 5 , wherein the first lithium metal oxide particle further includes cobalt and manganese, and
wherein a concentration of manganese continuously increases in the concentration gradient region in a direction from the central portion to the surface.
7. The lithium secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein the first lithium metal oxide particle is represented by Chemical Formula 1 below:
LiNi x Ni a M1 b M2 c O y [Chemical Formula 1]
wherein, in the Chemical Formula 1 above, M1 and M2 are each selected from Co, Mn, Na, Mg, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ge, Sr, Ag, Ba, Zr, Nb, Mo, Al, Ga and B, and
0<x≤1.1, 2≤y≤2.02, 0.6≤a≤0.95 and 0.05≤b+c≤0.4.
8. The lithium secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein a molar ratio of nickel among metals except for lithium in the second lithium metal oxide particle is in a range from 30% to 60%.
9. The lithium secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein a nickel concentration of the second lithium metal oxide particle is uniform from a central portion to a surface.
10. The lithium secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein the second lithium metal oxide particle is represented by Chemical Formulae 2-1, 2-2 or 2-3:
Li x Ni a Co b Mn c M4 d M5 x O y [Chemical Formula 2-1]
wherein, in the Chemical Formula 2-1 above, M4 is at least one element selected from Ti, Zr, Al, Mg, Si, B or Cr, and M5 is at least one element selected from Sr, Y, W or Mo,
wherein 0<x<1.5, 2≤y≤2.02, 0.48≤a≤0.52, 0.18≤b≤0.22, 0.28≤c≤0.32, 0≤d≤0.25, 0≤e≤0.15 and 0.98≤a+b+c≤1.02,
Li x Ni a Co b Mn c M4 d M5 c O y [Chemical Formula 2-2]
wherein, in the Chemical Formula 2-2 above, M4 is at least one element selected from Ti, Zr, Al, Mg, Si, B or Cr, and M5 is at least one element selected from Sr, Y, W or Mo,
wherein 0<x<1.5, 2≤y≤2.02, 0.313≤a≤0.353, 0.313≤b≤0.353, 0.313≤c≤0.353, 0≤d≤0.03, 0≤e≤0.03 and 0.98≤a+b+c≤1.02,
Li x Ni a Co b Mn c M4 d M5 c O y [Chemical Formula 2-3]
wherein, in the Chemical Formula 2-3 above, M4 is at least one element selected from Ti, Zr, Al, Mg, Si, B or Cr, and M5 is at least one element selected from Sr, Y, W or Mo,
wherein 0<x<1.2, 2≤y≤2.02, 0.585≤a≤0.615, 0.185≤b≤0.215, 0.185≤c≤0.215, 0≤d≤0.03, 0≤e≤0.03 and 0.98≤a+b+c≤1.02.
11. The lithium secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein an average diameter of the second lithium metal oxide particle is smaller than that of the first lithium metal oxide particle.
12. The lithium secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein a thickness of the second cathode active material layer is smaller than that of the first cathode active material layer.