Nerve repair conduits incorporating silica fibers
Embodiments of the invention include nerve-repair conduits incorporating mats, sheets, and/or powders of silica fibers and methods for producing such conduits. The silica fibers may be formed via electrospinning of a sol gel produced with a silicon alkoxide reagent, such as tetraethyl ortho silicate, alcohol solvent, and an acid catalyst.
1. A method of fabricating an artificial nerve conduit, the method comprising:
electrospinning a sol-gel to form a mat of silica fibers, wherein the sol-gel is produced, at least in part, by ripening, for at least 2 days at a humidity of 40% to 80% and a temperature of 50° F. to 90° F., an initial sol comprising 70% to 90% tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), 8% to 25% anhydrous ethanol, an acid catalyst, and water, wherein the initial sol is free of inorganic salts; and
forming from at least a portion of the mat of silica fibers a tubular member defining a first opening configured to receive a first nerve portion and a second opening configured to receive a second nerve portion.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming the tubular member comprises pressing and/or molding the silica fibers and/or a powder derived from the silica fibers.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising incorporating within and/or on at least a portion of the tubular member a healing agent.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the healing agent comprises at least one of a growth factor, a matrix protein, or a plurality of cells.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the healing agent comprises at least one of nerve growth factor, extracellular matrix protein, glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, stem cells, blast cells, epithelial cells, or Schwann cells.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the initial sol is ripened for at least 3 days.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sol-gel is electrospun when the weight of the sol-gel ranges from 10% to 60% of a starting weight of the initial sol prior to ripening.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sol-gel is electrospun when production of ethylene vapor therefrom ranges from 10% to 40% relative to the initial sol prior to ripening.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising incorporating a healing agent into the sol-gel before electrospinning thereof, whereby the silica fiber mat comprises the healing agent incorporated therewithin.
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising incorporating a healing agent onto the silica fibers during electrospinning thereof.
11. The method of claim 1 , further comprising incorporating a healing agent onto the mat of silica fibers after electrospinning thereof.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the initial sol consists of TEOS, anhydrous ethanol, the acid catalyst, and water.
13. A method of fabricating an artificial nerve conduit, the method comprising:
forming from electrospun silica fibers a tubular member defining a first opening configured to receive a first nerve portion and a second opening configured to receive a second nerve portion,
wherein forming the tubular member comprises (i) electrospinning a sol-gel to form a mat of silica fibers, (ii) fragmenting the mat to form silica fiber powder, and (iii) pressing or molding at least a portion of the silica fiber powder.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the fibers of the mat of silica fibers have diameters ranging from approximately 50 nm to approximately 5 μm.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the fibers of the mat of silica fibers have diameters ranging from approximately 200 nm to approximately 1000 nm.
16. The method of claim 13 , wherein the sol-gel is produced, at least in part, by ripening an initial sol comprising 70% to 90% tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), 8% to 25% anhydrous ethanol, an acid catalyst, and water.
17. The method of claim 13 , further comprising incorporating a healing agent into the sol-gel before electrospinning thereof, whereby the silica fiber mat comprises the healing agent incorporated therewithin.
18. The method of claim 13 , further comprising incorporating a healing agent onto the silica fibers during electrospinning thereof.
19. The method of claim 13 , further comprising incorporating a healing agent onto the mat of silica fibers prior to fragmentation thereof.
20. The method of claim 13 , further comprising, after fragmentation of the silica fiber mat, incorporating a healing agent onto the silica fiber powder.
21. An artificial nerve conduit fabricated according to claim 13 .
22. The method of claim 16 , wherein the initial sol is ripened for at least 2 days at a humidity of 40% to 80% and a temperature of 50° F. to 90° F.
23. The method of claim 22 , wherein the initial sol is ripened for at least 3 days.
24. The method of claim 16 , further comprising incorporating within and/or on at least a portion of the tubular member a healing agent.
25. The method of claim 24 , wherein the healing agent comprises at least one of a growth factor, a matrix protein, or a plurality of cells.
26. The method of claim 24 , wherein the healing agent comprises at least one of nerve growth factor, extracellular matrix protein, glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, stem cells, blast cells, epithelial cells, or Schwann cells.
27. The method of claim 16 , wherein the initial sol is free of inorganic salts.
28. The method of claim 16 , wherein the initial sol consists of TEOS, anhydrous ethanol, the acid catalyst, and water.
29. A method of fabricating an artificial nerve conduit, the method comprising:
forming electrospun silica fibers at least in part by (i) producing a sol-gel from an initial sol comprising 75% to 90% TEOS, 8% to 25% ethanol, an acid catalyst, and water, and (ii) electrospinning the sol-gel, wherein the initial sol is free of inorganic salts; and
forming from the electrospun silica fibers a tubular member defining a first opening configured to receive a first nerve portion and a second opening configured to receive a second nerve portion,
wherein forming the tubular member comprises pressing the electrospun silica fibers and/or a powder derived from the electrospun silica fibers.
30. The method of claim 29 , further comprising incorporating within and/or on at least a portion of the tubular member a healing agent.
31. The method of claim 30 , wherein the healing agent comprises at least one of a growth factor, a matrix protein, or a plurality of cells.
32. The method of claim 30 , wherein the healing agent comprises at least one of nerve growth factor, extracellular matrix protein, glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, stem cells, blast cells, epithelial cells, or Schwann cells.
33. The method of claim 29 , wherein producing the sol-gel comprises ripening the initial sol for at least 2 days at a humidity of 40% to 80% and a temperature of 50° F. to 90° F.
34. The method of claim 29 , wherein the initial sol consists of TEOS, anhydrous ethanol, the acid catalyst, and water.