Multipass optical spectroscopy cell having a single transmission path
Optical cells are described for use in spectroscopy applications. The cells include a series of discrete planar reflectors aligned with one another and spaced apart from one another at each end of the sample cavity. The discrete planar reflectors can be surrounded by transparent windows and divergent energy can be removed from the cell cavity via the windows. The cells can define a unique beam path for the energy beam, and there can be no overlapping optical paths through the cell. The cells can provide well-defined detection signals with very high signal-to-noise ratio.
1. A system comprising:
an energy source that emits a collimated light;
an optical cell that includes:
a first end comprising a first substrate that is transparent to the collimated light, wherein only a portion of the first substrate is transparent to the collimated light, the first substrate including a first inner surface;
a second end comprising a second substrate that is transparent to the collimated light, wherein only a portion of the second substrate is transparent to the collimated light, the second substrate including a second inner surface;
a sample cavity defined between the first inner surface and the second inner surface;
a first series of reflectors on the first inner surface, the reflectors of the first series being spaced apart from one another and aligned with one another on the first inner surface, the first series of reflectors including adjacent reflectors that include a first reflector and a second reflector adjacent thereto with no reflector between the first reflector and the adjacent second reflector, each reflector of the first series comprising a planar reflection face, the planar reflection faces of the adjacent reflectors of the first series being co-planar with or parallel to one another;
a second series of reflectors on the second inner surface, the reflectors of the second series being spaced apart from one another and aligned with one another on the second inner surface, the second series of reflectors including adjacent reflectors that include a first reflector and a second reflector adjacent thereto with no reflector between the first reflector and the adjacent second reflector, each reflector of the second series comprising a planar reflection face, the planar reflection faces of the adjacent reflectors of the second series being co-planar with or parallel to one another;
an inlet for the collimated light;
an outlet fora resulting energy beam; and
a beam path defined between the inlet and the outlet, the beam path comprising a plurality of passes across a length of the sample cavity, each pass beginning or ending at a reflection face of a reflector, the beam path at the inlet being parallel to the beam path at the outlet, wherein the plurality of passes consists of a prime number of passes and wherein the beam path defines a single, unique energy transmission path; and
a spectrometer or detector in optical communication with the outlet.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the cavity defines a volume of 500 milliliters or less.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the beam path has a total path length from the inlet to the outlet of 2 meters or more.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the reflectors of the first series are spaced apart from one another by a center-to-center distance of about 10 mm or less and the reflectors of the second series are spaced apart from one another by a center-to-center distance of about 10 mm or less.
5. The system of claim 4 , wherein each reflector of the first series and the second series has a height in the direction of alignment of about 4 mm or less.
6. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a sample inlet configured to deliver a fluid sample to the cavity.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the energy source is a tunable infrared laser.
8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the collimated light is at an infrared wavelength, an ultraviolet light wavelength, or a visible light wavelength.
9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the spectrometer comprises an absorbance spectrometer.
10. A method for analyzing a fluid sample comprising:
locating a fluid sample in a cavity of a multi-pass optical cell, the cavity comprising an energy beam inlet, an energy beam outlet, and a single, unique energy transmission path defined between the inlet and the outlet, the cavity including a first end comprising a first substrate that defines a first inner surface of the cavity, wherein only a portion of the first substrate is transparent to a collimated light, the cavity including a second end comprising a second substrate that defines a second inner surface of the cavity, wherein only a portion of the second substrate is transparent to the collimated light, the first inner surface carrying a first series of reflectors that are spaced apart from one another and aligned with one another, the first series of reflectors including adjacent reflectors that include a first reflector and a second reflector adjacent thereto with no reflector between the first reflector and the adjacent second reflector, the second inner surface carrying a second series of reflectors that are spaced apart from one another and aligned with one another, the second series of reflectors including adjacent reflectors that include a first reflector and a second reflector adjacent thereto with no reflector between the first reflector and the adjacent second reflector, the reflectors of the first series and the second series each including a planar reflection face, the planar reflection faces of the adjacent reflectors of the first series being co-planar with or parallel to one another and the planar reflection faces of the adjacent reflectors of the second series being co-planar with or parallel to one another, the single, unique energy transmission path comprising a plurality of passes across a length of the cavity, each pass beginning or ending at a reflection face, the plurality of passes consisting of a prime number of passes;
communicating an incident energy beam to the inlet, the incident beam consisting of the collimated light, the collimated light passing along the energy transmission path; wherein divergent light from the collimated light along the energy transmission path is removed from the cavity via the transparent portion of the first substrate or via the transparent portion of the second substrate; and
detecting a resulting energy beam at the outlet.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the fluid sample is a liquid sample, a gaseous sample, a plasma sample, or a combination thereof.
12. The method of claim 10 , the sample comprising one or more actinides.