System for removing uremic toxins in dialysis processes
A method of performing dialysis includes: recirculating a dialysis fluid from a patient or a dialyzer for at least two cycles, each cycle contacting the dialysis fluid first with a zirconium phosphate layer followed by at least one of a urease layer, a zirconium oxide layer, or a carbon layer; storing the recirculated dialysis fluid in a storage container; and transferring the dialysis fluid from the storage container to the patient or the dialyzer. In one example, the zirconium phosphate layer and the at least one of the urease layer, the zirconium oxide layer, or the carbon layer is provided by a sorbent cartridge.
1. A method of performing dialysis comprising:
passing a dialysis fluid in a first flow direction through a sorbent cartridge in fluid communication with at least one of a patient or a dialyzer, the sorbent cartridge including a housing having a urease layer followed by a zirconium phosphate layer, wherein the urease layer is first contacted by the dialysis fluid in the first flow direction before the zirconium phosphate layer;
storing the dialysis fluid in a storage container; and
passing the dialysis fluid from the storage container back through the sorbent cartridge in a reverse flow direction from the first flow direction to reach the patient or the dialyzer.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method is used to perform hemodialysis, hemofiltration, hemodiafiltration or peritoneal dialysis.
3. The dialysis method of claim 1 , which includes contacting the dialysis fluid with carbon first in the reverse flow direction.
4. The dialysis method of claim 1 , which includes contacting the dialysis fluid with urease as a secondary layer in the reverse flow direction.
5. The dialysis method of claim 1 , wherein the housing further includes a zirconium oxide layer, and wherein the method includes contacting the dialysis fluid with the zirconium oxide layer prior to the urease layer in the reverse flow direction.
6. The dialysis method of claim 1 , wherein the zirconium phosphate layer is a first zirconium phosphate layer, and which includes contacting a second zirconium phosphate layer.
7. The dialysis method of claim 6 , wherein the housing includes the urease layer disposed between the first and second zirconium phosphate layers.
8. The dialysis method of claim 7 , wherein the housing includes the second zirconium phosphate layer, followed by the urease layer, followed by the first zirconium phosphate layer in the first flow direction.
9. The dialysis method of claim 8 , wherein the housing includes the second zirconium phosphate layer, followed by the urease layer, followed by the first zirconium phosphate layer, followed by a zirconium oxide layer and/or a carbon layer in the first flow direction.
10. The dialysis method of claim 9 , wherein the housing includes the second zirconium phosphate layer, followed by the urease layer, followed by the first zirconium phosphate layer, followed by the zirconium oxide layer, and followed by the carbon layer in the first flow direction.