Method of manufacturing a waveguide
A method of manufacturing an optical device is disclosed. The method includes scanning along a curved path at a first surface of a glass plate with a laser beam directed orthogonally to the first surface to form a trench according to a pattern of a waveguide. The curved path is coincident with a longitudinal axis of the waveguide. The method further includes filling the trench with a material having an index different from that of glass to form the waveguide and, after filling the trench, depositing a cladding layer.
1. A method of manufacturing an optical device, the method comprising:
pulverizing a first surface of a glass plate by scanning along a curved path at the first surface of the glass plate with a laser beam directed orthogonally to the first surface to, wherein the pulverizing forms a trench extending along the curved path and comprising curved sidewalls according to a pattern of a waveguide, the curved path being coincident with a longitudinal light propagation axis of the waveguide, the curved sidewalls being parallel to the curved path;
filling the trench with a material having an index different from that of glass to form the waveguide; and
after filling the trench, depositing a cladding layer.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein
scanning the first surface comprises scanning with pulses of the laser beam having a duration between 2 femtoseconds and 500 femtoseconds, and
scanning the first surface according to the pattern of the waveguide forms exactly one trench in the glass plate.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the pulses are emitted at a frequency between 10 and 500 kHz.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the trench comprises a depth between 5 μm and 15 μm and a width between 5 μm and 12 μm.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the waveguide is a single-mode waveguide.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
before depositing the cladding layer, forming an inclined mirror disposed entirely in the glass plate, the inclined mirror forming an acute angle with the first surface and terminating in the glass plate.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the trench has a semi-circular, rectangular, or rounded-angle rectangular cross-section.
8. An apparatus comprising:
a glass plate;
a cladding layer disposed on a first surface of the glass plate;
a curved waveguide extending from the cladding layer into the glass plate, the curved waveguide comprising curved portions in a plane of the first surface; and
an inclined mirror extending from the cladding layer into the glass plate and terminating in the glass plate, the inclined mirror forming an acute angle with the first surface, wherein the inclined mirror is disposed entirely within the glass plate.
9. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the inclined mirror comprises a metal material.
10. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the curved waveguide has a semi-circular, rectangular, or rounded-angle rectangular cross-section.
11. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein, the inclined mirror extends farther into the glass plate than the curved waveguide.
12. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the curved waveguide comprises a depth between 5 μm and 15 μm and a width between 5 μm and 12 μm.
13. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the curved waveguide is a single-mode waveguide.
14. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the cladding layer comprises silicon oxide.
15. A method of manufacturing an optical device, the method comprising:
scanning along a path at a first surface of a glass plate with a laser beam directed orthogonally to the first surface of the glass plate to form a trench extending along the path and comprising curved sidewalls according to a pattern of a waveguide, the path being coincident with a longitudinal light propagation axis of the waveguide, the curved sidewalls being parallel to the path;
filling the trench with a material having an index different from that of glass to form the waveguide;
after filling the trench, depositing a cladding layer; and
before depositing the cladding layer, forming an inclined mirror disposed entirely in the glass plate, the inclined mirror forming an acute angle with the first surface and terminating in the glass plate.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein
scanning the first surface comprises scanning with pulses of the laser beam having a duration between 2 femtoseconds and 500 femtoseconds, and
scanning the first surface according to the pattern of the waveguide forms exactly one trench in the glass plate.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the pulses are emitted at a frequency between 10 and 500 kHz.
18. The method of claim 15 , wherein the waveguide is a single-mode waveguide.
19. The method of claim 15 , wherein the trench has a semi-circular, rectangular, or rounded-angle rectangular cross-section.
20. The method of claim 15 , wherein the trench comprises a depth between about 5 μm and about 15 μm and a width between about 5 μm and about 12 μm.