Multi-axial grid or mesh structures with high aspect ratio ribs
A multi-axial geogrid possesses a series of interconnected strands or ribs that are arranged along at least two different axes within the plane of the structure. The strands or ribs have an aspect ratio, defined as the ratio of the thickness to width, of greater than 1.0, thickness being the direction normal to the plane of the structure. The geogrid can be manufactured by modifying the process parameters in order to create high aspect ratio ribs, using any of the various known methods for producing geogrids. A reinforced civil engineering structure, and method therefor, is formed by embedding in soil one or more horizontal layers of geogrid having high aspect ratio ribs. The reinforced structure shows improved rutting performance when subjected to vehicular traffic.
1. A multi-axial geogrid comprising a first generally uniform array of substantially straight highly oriented strands or ribs extending in a first direction across said geogrid in spaced apart rows and a second generally uniform array of substantially straight highly oriented connecting strands or ribs extending in a second direction and interconnecting with adjacent rows of said first array at junctions to form apertures or openings between adjacent oriented strands or ribs extending in the first direction and in the second direction and the junctions between said first and second arrays, said strands or ribs in said multi-axial geogrid that extend in at least one of the first direction and the second direction having an aspect ratio greater than 1.0 in a completed geogrid.
2. The multi-axial geogrid of claim 1 , wherein the geogrid has triangular apertures or openings, and said aspect ratio is between greater than 1.0 and about 2.5.
3. The multi-axial geogrid of claim 1 , wherein the geogrid has rectangular apertures or openings, and wherein said aspect ratio is in a range between greater than 1.0 and about 4.0.
4. The multi-axial geogrid of claim 1 , wherein the strands or ribs that extend in another of the first direction and. the second direction have an aspect ratio greater than 1.0 in the completed geogrid.
5. The multi-axial geogrid of claim 1 , wherein said geogrid is embedded in a particulate material so that the particulate material is at least partially interlocked. in said apertures or openings.
6. The multi-axial geogrid of claim 1 , wherein the first array includes a first series of parallel strands or ribs and said second array includes a second series of parallel strands or ribs, the interconnections of said. first and second series of strands or ribs at said junctions being essentially perpendicular to form general rectangular apertures or openings.
7. The multi-axial geogrid of claim 1 , wherein the geogrid has three or more series of parallel strands or ribs intersecting each other at junctions such that the angles of the intersecting strands or ribs at the junction are angles not equal to 90°.
8. The multi-axial geogrid of claim 7 , wherein the geogrid has three series of parallel strands or ribs intersecting each other at the junctions at angles of about 60° to form generally equilateral triangular apertures or openings.
9. The multi-axial geogrid of claim 1 , wherein the strands or ribs have a concave cross-section at or near a center thereof.
10. The multi-axial geogrid of claim 1 , wherein a material composition of the strands in the first array of the completed geogrid is the same as a material composition of the strands in the second array of the completed geogrid.
11. A civil engineering reinforcing structure, comprising a multi-axial geogrid including a generally uniform array of substantially straight molecularly oriented strands or ribs extending across said geogrid. in spaced apart rows in a first direction and a generally uniform array of substantially straight molecularly oriented connecting strands or ribs extending in a second direction and joined at interconnecting junctions with adjacent rows of said strands or ribs extending in said first direction to form apertures or openings between adjacent molecularly oriented strands or ribs in said first direction and in said second direction as joined at said interconnecting junctions, said molecularly oriented strands or ribs of said multi-axial geogrid in at least one of the first direction and the second direction having an aspect ratio at a longitudinal midpoint which is greater than 1.0 in completed geogrid constituting the civil engineering reinforcing structure.
12. The civil engineering reinforcing structure of claim 11 , wherein said geogrid is embedded in a particulate material so that the particulate material is at least partially interlocked in said apertures or openings.
13. The civil engineering reinforcing structure of claim 11 , wherein said geogrid is formed by biaxially stretching a general flat polymer starting sheet having a plurality of spaced holes therein.
14. The civil engineering reinforcing structure of claim 11 , wherein the strands or ribs in the array extending in the first direction are essentially perpendicular to the strands or ribs in the array extending in the second direction to form 35 generally rectangular apertures or openings.
15. The civil engineering reinforcing structure of claim 14 , wherein the aspect ratio is in a range between greater than 1.0 and about 4.0.
16. The civil engineering reinforcing structure of claim 11 , wherein the geogrid has a third array of oriented strands or ribs intersecting each other at junctions such that the angles of the intersecting strands or ribs of the three arrays at the junctions are angles not equal to 90°.
17. The civil engineering reinforcing structure of claim 16 , wherein the angles of the intersecting strands or ribs are about 60° to form generally equilateral triangular apertures or openings.
18. The civil engineering reinforcing structure of claim 11 , wherein the geogrid has triangular apertures or openings, and wherein said aspect ratio is between greater than 1.0 and about 2.5.
19. The civil engineering reinforcing structure of claim 11 , wherein the strands or ribs have a concave cross-section at or near a center thereof.
20. The civil engineering reinforcing structure of claim 11 , wherein said molecularly oriented strands or ribs in the second direction have an aspect ratio at a longitudinal midpoint of said molecularly oriented strands or ribs which is greater than 1.0 in the completed geogrid.
21. The civil engineering reinforcing structure of claim 11 , wherein a material composition of the strands in the first array of the completed geogrid is the same as a material composition of the strands in the second array of the completed geogrid.