Compositions of microbiota and methods related thereto
Methods and compositions are provided for treating weight related conditions and metabolic disorders by altering microbiota in a subject. One aspect provides methods and compositions to alter microbiota in a subject by administering to the subject a composition that includes a substantially purified microbiota from phyla such as Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Verrucomicrobia or orders such as Bacteroidales, Verrucomicrobiales, Clostridiales and Enterobacteriales or genera such as Alistipes, Clostridium, Escherichia , and Akkermansia . Another aspect includes a pharmaceutical composition for altering microbiota that includes a therapeutically effective amount of substantially purified microbiota and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Yet another aspect includes methods for treating a disorder, such as obesity, in a subject in need of such treatment by changing relative abundance of microbiota in a gastrointestinal tract of the subject without or in addition to a surgical procedure.
1. A method of lowering triglycerides in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising orally administering a composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of bacteria comprising substantially purified Akkermansia to the subject, thereby lowering triglycerides in the subject, wherein the substantially purified Akkermansia comprises at least 50% of a strain of Akkermansia.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein a serum triglyceride level is decreased in the subject.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject does not decrease food intake.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein viable cells of the Akkermansia are administered to the subject.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the substantially purified Akkermansia is co-administered with one or more additional probiotic strains.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein if the bacteria comprise a mixture of bacterial strains, then at least 50% of the bacterial strains in the composition are Verrucomicrobia, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, or Proteobacteria.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the bacteria further comprise at least one of a substantially purified Bacteroidetes, a substantially purified Firmicutes, or a substantially purified Proteobacteria.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the bacteria further comprise substantially purified Clostridiales.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the bacteria further comprise substantially purified Clostridium.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition further comprises one or more prebiotics.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition is co-administered with one or more prebiotics.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the one or more prebiotics comprises a fructooligosaccharide, a glucooligosaccharide, a xylooligosaccharide, a galactooligosaccharide, an arabinoxylan, an arabinogalactan, a galactomannan, a polydextrose, an inulin, a derivative thereof, or a combination thereof.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition further comprises a coating, wherein the coating does not begin to degrade until after it exits a stomach of the subject.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the relative abundance of the Akkermansia strain in the subject is increased by at least 5%.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the Akkermansia is lyophilized.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition is administered in one or more doses per day.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition is administered in one to three doses per day.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition is administered at a dose of from about 0.001 to about 100 mg/kg body weight of the subject.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition is administered at a dose of from about 0.01 to about 50 mg/kg body weight of the subject.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition is administered at a dose of from about 0.05 to about 10 mg/kg body weight of the subject.