Timed, pulsatile release systems
A unit multiparticulate dosage form for delivering one or more basic, active pharmaceutical ingredients into the body in need of such medications to achieve target PK (pharmacokinetics) profiles is described. The dosage form comprises one or more multicoated drug particles (beads, pellets, mini-/micro-tablets) having a barrier coating and a lag-time coating. Each Timed Pulsatile Release (TPR) bead population exhibits pre-determined lag-time followed by differing release characteristics. The composition and thickness of the barrier coating, composition and thickness of the lag-time coating, ratio of IR beads to one or more TPR bead populations and total dose may be varied depending on the alkalinity, pH-dependent solubility and elimination half-life of the active ingredients to achieve target PK profiles (suitable for a once or twice daily dosing regimen) in patients in need of such medications.
1. A pharmaceutical composition comprising immediate release (IR) beads and one or more populations of timed, pulsatile release (TPR) beads, wherein at least one population of the TPR beads comprises:
a. a core particle comprising an active pharmaceutical ingredient or a pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof;
b. an inner barrier coating comprising a water-insoluble polymer that is optionally in combination with a water-soluble/pore-forming polymer; and
c. an outer lag time coating comprising a water-insoluble polymer in combination with at least one enteric polymer;
wherein at least one population of timed, pulsatile release beads provides a lag time greater than 6 hours before onset of drug release.
2. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the immediate release beads each comprise a drug-containing core particle comprising said active pharmaceutical ingredient or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein said immediate release beads release not less than about 90% of said active pharmaceutical ingredient contained therein within the first hour after oral administration of the pharmaceutical composition.
3. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 2 , wherein the drug-containing core particle in the IR bead comprises:
i. an inert particle coated with the drug and optionally a polymeric binder; or
ii. a pellet, or mini- or micro-tablet, a microgranule, or a granular particle containing the drug and optionally a polymeric binder.
4. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the drug-containing core particle in the TPR bead comprises:
i. an inert particle coated with the drug and optionally a polymeric binder; or
ii. a pellet, or mini- or micro-tablet, a microgranule, or a granular particle containing the drug and optionally a polymeric binder.
5. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 4 , wherein the optional polymeric binder is selected from the group consisting of polyvinylpyrrolidone, methylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, corn starch, pregelatinized starch, and mixtures thereof.
6. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein said water-insoluble polymer is selected from the group consisting of ethylcellulose, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, polyvinyl acetate, methylmethacrylate ester polymers, neutral copolymers based on ethylacrylate and methylmethacrylate, copolymers of acrylic and methacrylic acid esters, and mixtures thereof.
7. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein said water-insoluble polymer is a neutral copolymer based on ethylacrylate and methylmethacrylate.
8. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein said enteric polymer is selected from the group consisting of cellulose acetate phthalate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose succinate, polyvinyl acetate phthalate, pH-sensitive methacrylic acid-methylmethacrylate copolymers, shellac, and mixtures thereof.
9. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein said enteric polymer is a mixture of pH-sensitive methacrylic acid-methylmethacrylate copolymers.
10. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the weight ratio of said water insoluble polymer to said enteric polymer in said outer lag-time coating ranges from about 10:1 to about 1:3.
11. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the weight ratio of said water insoluble polymer to said enteric polymer in said outer lag-time coating ranges from about 3:1 to about 1:1.
12. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the inner barrier coating and the outer lag-time coating comprises a plasticizer.
13. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein said optional water-soluble/pore-forming polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyvinylpyrrolidone, methylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, polyethylene glycol, and mixtures thereof.
14. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the amount of said outer lag-time coating is about 20% to 60% by weight of said timed, pulsatile release bead.
15. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , comprising a first population of TPR beads and a second population of TPR beads.
16. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 15 , wherein the ratio by weight of the IR beads to the first TPR bead population to the second TPR bead population ranges from about 10/20/70 to about 30/60/10.
17. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 15 , wherein the first population and second population of TPR beads exhibit different in vivo plasma concentration profiles of the active pharmaceutical ingredient or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof upon oral administration.
18. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 15 , wherein the first population of TPR beads exhibit a lag time of from about 3 to about 5 hours before onset of drug release.
19. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 15 , wherein the second population of TPR beads exhibits a lag time of from about 6 to about 9 hours before onset of drug release.
20. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 15 , wherein the first population of TPR beads exhibits a lag time of about 6 to about 9 hours before onset of drug release-, and the second population of TPR beads exhibits a lag time of about 3 to about 5 hours before onset of drug release.
21. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 20 , wherein the lag times result in a pharmacokinetic profile that is suitable for a once or twice-daily dosing regimen.