Si-anode-based semi-solid cells with solid separators
Energy storage devices comprising a solid-state electrolyte/separator are disclosed. The storage device comprises an anode and a cathode, wherein the anode is a Si-dominant electrode, a solid-state separator between the first electrode and the second electrode wherein the separator comprises an inorganic solid-state material. The energy storage devices may also comprise a small amount of standard liquid electrolyte.
1. An energy storage device comprising:
a Si-dominant anode comprising greater than about 50% by weight of Si particles and between 5% and 50% by weight of one or more types of a carbon phases;
a cathode comprising a metal oxide; and
a separator disposed between the anode and the cathode, wherein the separator comprises:
an inorganic solid-state Li halide material comprising one of Li 2 CdI 4 , Li 2 CdCl 4 , Li 2 MgCl 4 , and LiZnI 4 ; and
a polymeric material selected from a group consisting of polyethylene oxide (PEO), poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polycarbonate, polysiloxane, Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and hydroxy-terminated perfluoropolyether (PFPE-diol).
2. The energy storage device of claim 1 , wherein the energy storage device further comprises a liquid electrolyte.
3. The energy storage device of claim 2 , wherein the liquid electrolyte comprises a cyclic carbonate or a linear carbonate, wherein the cyclic carbonate is an ethylene carbonate (EC), vinyl carbonate (VC), and propylene carbonate (PC), or a fluorine containing cyclic carbonate including one or more of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), di-fluoroethylene carbonate (DiFEC), trifluoropropylene carbonate (TFPC), 4-fluoromethyl-5-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one (F-t-BC), 3,3-difluoropropylene carbonate (DFPC), or 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-Nonafluorohexyl-1-ene carbonate, and wherein the linear carbonate includes one or more of ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), and some partially or fully fluorinated linear carbonates.
4. The energy storage device of claim 3 , wherein the liquid electrolyte comprises FEC and EMC.
5. The energy storage device of claim 3 , wherein the liquid electrolyte further comprises one or more co-solvent(s), such as methyl acetate (MA), ethyl acetate (EA), methyl propanoate, or gamma butyrolactone (GBL).
6. The energy storage device of claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide is selected from the group consisting of LiCoO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 (LMO), LiNi x Co y Mn z O 2 (NCM, 0≤x, y, z<1) or LiNi x Co y Al z O 2 (NCA, 0≤x, y, z<1), lithium rich xLi 2 MnO 3 .(1−x)LiMO 2 , nickel-rich layered oxides, lithium-rich layered oxides, high-voltage spinel oxides, and high-voltage polyanionic compounds; wherein x is greater than 0 and less than 1; and M is Mn, Ni, or Co.
7. The energy storage device of claim 6 , wherein the high-voltage spinel oxide comprises LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 .
8. The energy storage device of claim 6 , wherein the high-voltage polyanionic compound comprises phosphates, sulfates, or silicates.
9. The energy storage device of claim 1 , wherein the anode comprises:
between about 50% and about 96% by weight of Si particles, and
wherein at least one of the one or more types of carbon phases is a substantially continuous phase that holds a composite material film together such that the silicon particles are distributed throughout the composite material film.
10. An energy storage device comprising:
a Si-dominant anode comprising greater than about 50% by weight of Si particles and between 5% and 50% by weight of one or more types of a carbon phases;
a cathode comprising a metal oxide;
a separator disposed between the anode and the cathode, wherein the separator comprises:
an inorganic solid-state Li halide material comprising one of Li 2 CdI 4 , Li 2 CdCl 4 , Li 2 MgCl 4 , and LiZnI 4 ; and
a polymeric material selected from a group consisting of polyethylene oxide (PEO), poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polycarbonate, polysiloxane, Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and hydroxy-terminated perfluoropolyether (PFPE-diol); and
a liquid electrolyte comprising fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) at a concentration of about 5% to about 35% by weight.