Catalysts and methods for lowering electrode pyrolysis temperature
Systems and methods are disclosed that provide for pyrolysis reactions to be performed at reduced temperatures that convert non-conductive precursor polymers to conductive carbon suitable for use in electrode materials, which may be incorporated into a cathode, an electrolyte, and an anode, where the pyrolysis method may include one or more catalysts or reactive reagents.
1. A method of making an electrode active material comprising:
forming an electrode active material directly on a current collector, said forming comprising:
mixing together components comprising carbon, silicon powder, and a carbon precursor polymer to form a slurry;
coating the slurry directly on the current collector; and
reacting an amount of a catalyst or a reagent with said electrode active material under conditions effective to pyrolyze the carbon precursor polymer to conductive carbon; wherein said catalyst or reagent is a copper catalyst selected from the group consisting of Cu(acac) 2 and Tetrakis(acetonitrile)copper(I) tetrafluoroborate; and
wherein the carbon precursor polymer is polyimide (PI) or polyamideimide (PAI); and
wherein the conditions comprise utilizing one or more temperatures within a temperature range of about 400° C. to about 750° C.
2. A method of forming an anode, the method comprising:
mixing raw anode active material comprising a silicon powder with an amount of a catalyst, carbon precursor polymer, and solvent to form a slurry;
coating the slurry directly onto a substrate;
drying the slurry to remove the solvent; and
reacting the dried slurry comprising the catalyst and raw anode active material under conditions effective to convert the carbon precursor polymer to conductive carbon; wherein said catalyst is a copper catalyst selected from the group consisting of Cu(acac) 2 and Tetrakis(acetonitrile)copper(I) tetrafluoroborate; and
wherein the carbon precursor polymer is polyimide (PI) or polyamideimide (PAI); and
wherein the conditions comprise utilizing one or more temperatures within a temperature range of about 400° C. to about 750° C.
3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the substrate comprises a current collector comprising at least one of copper, aluminum, or titanium.