Broadband multiple layer dielectric resonator antenna and method of making the same
A dielectric resonator antenna, DRA, includes: an electrically conductive ground structure; a plurality of volumes of dielectric materials disposed on the ground structure comprising N volumes, N being an integer equal to or greater than 3, disposed to form sequential layered volumes V i , i being an integer from 1 to N, wherein volume V 1 forms an innermost first volume, wherein a successive volume V i+1 forms a layered shell disposed over and at least partially embedding volume V i , wherein volume V N at least partially embeds all volumes V 1 to V N−1 ; wherein a portion of the dielectric material of volume V N bifurcates at least a portion of volumes V 1 to V N−1 ; wherein the plurality of volumes of dielectric materials has a first effective dielectric constant along a first geometrical path, and has a second effective dielectric constant along a second geometrical path that is lower than the first effective dielectric constant.
1. A dielectric resonator antenna, DRA, comprising:
an electrically conductive ground structure;
a plurality of volumes of dielectric materials disposed on the ground structure comprising N volumes, N being an integer equal to or greater than 3, disposed to form successive and sequential layered volumes V i , i being an integer from 1 to N, wherein volume V 1 forms an innermost first volume, wherein a successive volume V i+1 forms a layered shell disposed over and at least partially embedding volume V i , wherein volume V N at least partially embeds all volumes V 1 to V N−1 ;
wherein a portion of the dielectric material of volume V N bifurcates at least a portion of volumes V 1 to V N−1 in a plane that is perpendicular to the ground structure;
wherein, as observed in a plan view of the DRA, the plurality of volumes of dielectric materials has a first effective dielectric constant along a first A-B geometrical path, and has a second effective dielectric constant along a second C-D geometrical path that is lower than the first effective dielectric constant; and
a signal feed electromagnetically coupled to one or more of the plurality of volumes of dielectric materials.
2. The DRA according to claim 1 , wherein the first A-B geometrical path is parallel to the portion of the dielectric material of volume V N that bifurcates the at least a portion of volumes V 1 to V N−1 .
3. The DRA according to claim 1 , wherein the second C-D geometrical path is perpendicular to the portion of the dielectric material of volume V N that bifurcates the at least a portion of volumes V 1 to V N−1 .
4. The DRA according to claim 1 , wherein the portion of the dielectric material of volume V N that bifurcates the at least a portion of volumes V 1 to V N−1 only partially extends through volumes V 1 to V N−1 .
5. The DRA according to claim 1 , wherein the portion of the dielectric material of volume V N that bifurcates the at least a portion of volumes V 1 to V N−1 extends through the entire cross section of volumes V 1 to V N−1 .
6. The DRA according to claim 1 , wherein volumes V 1 to V N−1 have an ellipsoidal cross section as observed in a plan view of the DRA.
7. The DRA according to claim 6 , wherein volumes V 1 to V N−1 are sideways shifted with respect to each other.
8. The DRA according to claim 1 , wherein, as observed in a plan view of the DRA, volume V 1 has a circular cross section, and volume V 2 has a truncated circular cross section.
9. The DRA according to claim 1 , wherein directly adjacent volumes of the plurality of volumes of dielectric materials have different dielectric constant values that:
range from a first relative minimum value at volume V 1 to a relative maximum value at one of volumes V 2 to V N−1 , back to a second relative minimum value at volume V N ; or
range from a first relative minimum value at volume V 1 to a relative maximum value at V [N+1]/2 , where N is an odd integer, back to a second relative minimum value at V N .
10. The DRA according to claim 1 , further comprising an electrically conductive fence disposed around the plurality of volumes of dielectric materials and in electrical contact with and forming part of the ground structure.
11. The DRA according to claim 10 wherein the electrically conductive fence has a height that does not exceed the height of the plurality of volumes of dielectric materials.
12. The DRA according to claim 10 , wherein:
the fence has a non-uniform shape that provides at least one alignment feature; and
the plurality of volumes of dielectric materials has a complementary shape that complements the non-uniform shape and the at least one alignment feature of the fence, such that the fence and the plurality of volumes of dielectric materials have a defined alignment relative to each other via the at least one alignment feature.
13. The DRA according to claim 1 , wherein the electrically conductive ground structure comprises one or more openings.
14. The DRA according to claim 1 , wherein adjacent ones of the plurality of volumes of dielectric materials have different dielectric constants with respect to each other.
15. The DRA according to claim 1 , wherein N is greater than 3.