Localized free space tester
A method and apparatus for testing radio-frequency antenna elements are disclosed. In one embodiment, the apparatus comprises: a frame having a platform to support an array of radio-frequency (RF) antenna elements of a flat panel antenna having antenna elements; a first antenna to transmit microwave energy to subsets of RF antenna elements of the segment and to receive reflected microwave energy from the subsets of RF antenna elements; a filter between the segment and the first antenna, the filter comprising an opening positioned over each of the subsets of RF antenna elements at different times to expose said each of the subsets of RF antenna elements to microwave energy transmitted by the first antenna; a second antenna to receive microwave energy transmitted though the subsets of RF antenna elements at the different times; a controller coupled to the subsets of RF antenna elements and to provide at least one stimulus or condition to the subsets of RF antenna elements; and an analyzer to provide stimulus to the subsets of RF antenna elements and to measure a characteristic of the array using one or both of the first antenna and second antenna.
1. A method for testing an array of RF radiating antenna elements for use as part of an antenna, the method comprising:
obtaining microwave frequency responses from subsets of the antenna elements of the array at different times, including exposing each of the subsets of the antenna elements to microwave energy through an opening in a filter at the different times; and
identifying defects in the array based on the microwave frequency responses.
2. The method of claim 1 further comprising averaging the microwave frequency responses.
3. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
positioning the opening over each of the subsets of antenna elements; and
capturing a microwave frequency response from said each subset overlapping the opening.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein the filter comprises an RF absorbing material with the opening.
5. The method of claim 1 further comprising aligning the opening with each of the subsets by moving the filter.
6. The method defined in claim 1 further comprising aligning the opening with each of the subsets by moving the array.
7. The method of claim 1 further comprising driving the antenna elements in each of the subsets to a resonance frequency at the different times while driving all other elements at a frequency away from the resonance frequency.
8. The method of claim 1 further comprising identifying defects in the array based on the RF responses by detecting variations in a cell gap of an RF antenna element.
9. The method of claim 1 further comprising identifying defects in the array based on the RF responses comprises detecting variations in charging state of an RF antenna element.
10. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
identifying defects in the array based on the RF responses; and
rejecting the array for inclusion in a flat panel antenna based on the defects indicating the array does not meet one or more predefined criterion.
11. The method of claim 10 wherein identifying defects is by detecting line-outs.
12. The method defined in claim 1 further comprising
applying microwave energy to the array;
measuring at least one of transmitted microwave energy transmitted through the segment or reflected microwave energy reflected from the array; and
analyzing the measured microwave energy to tune one or more the antenna elements of the array.
13. The method of claim 12 further comprising tuning one or more of the RF antenna elements to correct for environmentally induced frequency shifts.
14. The method of claim 13 wherein the environmentally induced frequency shifts are due to temperature.
15. A method for testing an array of RF radiating antenna elements, the method comprising:
obtaining microwave frequency responses from subsets of the antenna elements of the antenna at different times, including aligning an opening in a filter with each of the subsets by moving the filter and exposing each of the subsets of antenna elements to microwave energy using the filter at the different times; and
identifying defects in the array based on the microwave frequency responses.
16. The method of claim 15 further comprising:
measuring microwave energy transmitted through the array or the reflected microwave energy from the array; and
analyzing the measured microwave energy to tune one or more RF radiating elements of the array.
17. The method of claim 16 further comprising tuning one or more RF antenna elements to correct for environmentally induced frequency shifts.
18. The method of claim 15 wherein identifying defects in the array based on the RF responses is by detecting variations in a cell gap of an RF antenna element or detecting variations in charging state of an RF antenna element.
19. A method for testing an array of RF radiating antenna elements, the method comprising:
driving the antenna elements in each of a plurality of subsets of the antenna elements to a resonance frequency at different times while driving all other of the antenna elements at a frequency away from the resonance frequency;
exposing each of the subsets to microwave energy using a filter at the different times;
obtaining microwave frequency responses from subsets of antenna elements of the array at the different times; and
identifying defects in the antenna array based on the microwave frequency responses.
20. The method of claim 19 wherein exposing each of the subsets of antenna elements to microwave energy using the filter at the different times comprises positioning an opening in the filter over each of the subsets of antenna elements.