Natural 1,2-alkanediols, compositions having natural 1,2-alkanediols and processes for making the same
A process is incorporated herein for the synthesis of bio-1,2-alkanediols, comprising: providing a bio-alkene having a carbon chain of about 5 to about 20 carbon atoms and a bio-1-alkene regioselectivity of at least about 80%, at least about 92% and/or at least about 95%; and converting the bio-alkene to a bio-1,2-alkanediol having a carbon chain length of about 5 to about 20 carbon atoms. Methods for treating catalysts which may be incorporated in the process for the synthesis of bio-1,2-alkanediols are also included herein. Such bio-1,2-alkanediols are used in compositions and products alone as antimicrobial materials, or with existing bio-compounds and/or antimicrobials, preservatives, alternative preservation systems and/or hurdle technology components. The bio-1,2-alkanediols incorporate a natural and bio-based pathway for antimicrobial effects in various compositions such as cosmetic, pharmaceutical, industrial and household products.
1. A method for making a bio-alkene, comprising:
dehydrating a bio-1-alcohol by heating the bio-1-alcohol in a reactor with a catalyst, wherein the resulting bio-alkene has a carbon chain of about 5 to about 20 carbon atoms and a bio-1-alkene regioselectivity of at least about 80%.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the bio-alkene has a carbon chain of about 6 to about 14 carbon atoms.
3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the bio-alkene has a carbon chain length of about 6 to about 10 carbon atoms.
4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the bio-alkene has a carbon chain length of about 6 to about 8 carbon atoms.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the bio-alkene is bio-octene.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the reactor is a fixed bed reactor.
7. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the fixed bed reactor is a fluidized bed reactor.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is selected from ZnAl 2 O 4 and a -alumina catalyst.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the bio-alkene has a bio-1-alkene regioselectivity of about 92% to about 99%.
10. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the bio-alkene has a bio-1-alkene regioselectivity of about 95% to about 99%.
11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is a γ-alumina catalyst is treated with a base to form a modified γ-alumina catalyst.
12. The method according to claim 11 , wherein the base comprises a Group I or a Group II metal.
13. The method according to claim 11 , wherein the γ-alumina catalyst is treated with a calcium promoter to provide a modified γ-alumina catalyst.
14. The method according to claim 13 , wherein the modified γ-alumina catalyst is calcined to provide a calcined γ-alumina catalyst.
15. The method according to claim 13 , wherein the calcium promoter is used in an amount of about 0.01 weight percent to about 4 weight percent based on the weight of CaO determined after calcination.
16. The method according to claim 15 , wherein the calcium promoter is used in an amount of about 1 weight percent to about 2 weight percent based on the weight of CaO determined after calcination.
17. The method according to claim 14 , wherein a temperature during calcination is about 400° C. to about 500° C.
18. The method according to claim 17 , wherein the temperature during calcination is about 420° C. to about 480° C.
19. The method according to claim 18 , wherein the temperature during calcination is about 440° C. to about 460° C.
20. The method according to claim 14 , wherein calcination is carried out in an oven.
21. The method according to claim 14 , wherein the calcination is carried out in an atmosphere of air or inert gas.
22. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the method comprises a distillation step to refine the bio-alkene.
23. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the bio-alkene results from a process wherein the bio-1-alcohol in water is dehydrated by heating the bio-1-alcohol with a catalyst under a purge gas.
24. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the bio-alkene is further reacted to form a bio-based compound different from the bio-alkene or a bio-based polymer.
25. The method according to claim 24 , wherein the bio-alkene is further reacted by a free radical or a catalytic polymerization process to form a bio-based polymer.
26. A bio-alkene made by the method of claim 1 .
27. The bio-alkene according to claim 26 , wherein the bio-alkene is selected from straight or branched chain bio-alkenes.
28. The bio-alkene according to claim 26 , wherein the resulting bio-1-alkene is selected from bio-1-pentene, bio-1-iso-pentene, bio-1-hexene, bio-1-heptene, bio-1-octene, bio-1-nonene, bio-1-decene, and bio-1-dodecene.